2017考研英语阅读技巧分析
关于考研英语阅读技巧，大家是不是觉得有点困难呢?下面小编整理了一些相关技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
步骤：
第一步：快速浏览文章，知道大概内容。
拿到文章后，我整体快速浏览了一遍，知道大概内容是讲某种鸟要灭绝了，然后不同立场撕逼的故事。至于这个鸟是什么，有什么特质，撕逼的是哪些人，一概暂时不care，只要题目没问，那么这些就都不是重要的信息。
浏览的速度其实取决于你的英语阅读能力，但是一般而言这一步越快越好，千万不要被细节带走。
第二步：审理真题题干找到定位词，快速做好原文定位。
下面进入审理题干步骤，方法是找到定位词，然后在原文中根据定位词找到对应题干所在位置。
好，下面一起跟我往下看真题题干。
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, (题1答案句)occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.(题1定位词) “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. (题2定位词)They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.(题2答案句) But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute (题3定位词)landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.(题3答案句) Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual
Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’(题4答案句)s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.(题4定位词)
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups(题5答案句) are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.(题5定位词)
下面只把题干拎出来，都不用看答案的。题干中用黄色加重的部分就是定位词，那么根据这些定位词，就可以去原文中找到对应内容。
26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
这里说说定位的一般方法。
1.题干中有人名地名，名称等词，用名字定位。比如这篇阅读中的后面两题。
2.题目有时候会告诉你定位点在哪里。比如28题，告诉你在第三段，那就去找第三段再找到定位词prosecuted(一般找看起来最复杂的词就好了。)
3. 找观点鲜明的主体词语，比如第一题中的“threatened”第二题中的“disappointed”，人家问的就是为什么被威胁了，为什么失望了，那么就去原文找到对应内容点。
4.一篇500字不到的文章要出五个题目，所对应出题点肯定均匀分布。也就是说一个信息量不可能考两遍。这是出题规律，应试考试出题就是讲究规律和套路。
第三步，定位好对应内容之后开始做题，做题的方法就是去定位词周围找答案。
记住，方圆两句，必有答案，一般是方圆一句，就有答案。
去看看我上文标出来的答案句，是不是都是方圆最多两句就有答案，因为人家文章总共才不到500字，5个题考点还不重复，你说人家能答案能跑多远?
比如，你看第一题的定位词在第二段第一句，而第二题的定位词马上就紧挨着出现了，根据一个信息点不可能考两遍的原则，第一题的答案肯定在定位词的前面，第二题的答案肯定在定位词的后面。
所以做题的时候，根本没必要去搜索很远，跑看看定位词的前后两句就可以找到答案句了。
第四步，根据答案据分析选项，选出正确答案。
怎么根据答案句选出答案?看懂了就行了，看不懂?那就选一个答案句里意思接近的，或者在简单粗暴的，出现一样的单词的。
下面看怎么根据原文中的答案句选出答案。
26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
(答案句子中说，只有，只有2000只了，而一开始说有两百万只的，那肯定是数量减少了，所以选A。)
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
(答案句中都说了federal office regular power, 你选个长一样的不好么，那就是C了么。)
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
(答案中都说了a range wide regular plan,是一系列的规范计划，后面那一长串就是介绍这一系列的regular包括什么的，那么答案肯定不是只指后面列到的某一个啊，排除CD，B的信息都没有出现过，明显是走错片场了好么!选A啊。)
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
(答案句子中都说了让state当司机，那就是state了啊，选D啊，其他人Ashe都没提到过，简直是送分题。)
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
(这个题要选错也是选错B，但是你看作者一开始就说了不是人人都买win-win rhetoric的帐了，后面再找个人来说她支持WIN-WIN,那不是打自己的脸么，所以就算你看不懂这个Jay说的那句话是什么意思，用猜的也能选出C啊。)
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
好，再以相同的步骤，来做一做2016年考研英语(一)中最无耻的第二篇阅读。
为什么我说它无耻，因为这篇文章我在google上搜到的原文是 751个单词，这篇阅读材料给砍到了只有 462个单词!!砍掉了近一半的内容!!难怪我看这篇阅读的时候，怎么看怎么别扭。
文章的原文在这里：
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/05/ukip-british-countryside-environment-brownfield
看标题就知道这是一篇UK政治评论，是讨论各个党派对英国乡村政策的。但是，这篇文章硬是把作者大量的评论观点砍掉了，只尽量保留了客观信息部分，变成了一篇类似科普文，真的也是醉了。
当然，这种案例也不多，绝大部分考研阅读材料都是找的那种国外网站的短小文章，像这种大刀阔斧地砍的情况并不多。
好，我们用上一篇提到的方法来做这一篇。
第一步：快速浏览文章，知道大概内容。
第二步：审理真题题干找到定位词，快速做好原文定位。
第三步，开始做题，根据定位词去周围找答案句。
第四步，根据答案据分析选项，选出正确答案。
好，第一步过后，知道了文章大概就是讲英国党派选举政策的，重点是对乡村和城市规划建设问题。
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate (题1定位词)“the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. (题1答案句)
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust(题2定位词) not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
Paragraph 3(题3定位).At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance,(题3答案句) has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne(题4定位词) favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?(题4答案句)
last paragraph.(题5定位). Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.(题5答案句) There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____
(关键词是public statement，公众观点，那么对应词就是polls民意调查。当然，你如果不知道这个词的'意思，也可以定位到第一段，虽然没那么精准。)
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____
28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____
30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____
上面有两道题问到了一整段，那么先放到一边，这种定位范围太大的一般需要根据答案的句子用排除法来选出答案。
26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____
第一题，定位词的一句话内找到答案，把答案子意思一样的选项选出来就可以了。
[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.
[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.
[C]is fully backed by the royal family.
[D]is not well reflected in politics.
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____
(看到答案句子中的do not...any more 就知道national Trust已经废了...)
[A]gradually destroyed.
[B]effectively reinforced.
[C]largely overshadowed.
[D]properly protected.
28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
虽然定位是一整段，但是我们可以看出这一整段讨论的是同一个东西，就是不同党派对countryside的不同政策。看得出只有UKip是唯一关心countryside的这一方，所以选与众不同的D。
[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____
(定位到George Osborne这个名字之后，题干问的是作者对这个观点的看法，明显只有一句，就是答案句里的有力的吐槽，根据这句作者的吐槽可以选出D)
[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____
(根据答案句可以判断出，作者认为即使UK人口密度很高，但是乡村和城市的居住平衡保持得很好，作者很满意。即使看不懂，也可以用定位方法逐个排除前三个答案。AB完全是不相关嘛，C找到句子中，用urban替换了rural，完全搞反了。)
[A]the size of population in Britain.
[B]the political life in today’s Britain.
[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.
[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.
这篇文章我个人认为出得太应试化了，砍掉了一半使得文章原来作者的写文目的都被模糊掉了，所以加大了理解难度(其实基本上很难理解)。所以在这样的情况下，去纠结文章到底讲了什么，没有多大的意义，只能考应试方法去对比给出来的原文和答案，多花点时间来对比选择了。你看，不用看懂全部原文也可以选出答案呢，这就是考研英语的套路所在。
再次总结四步法：
第一步：快速浏览文章，知道大概内容。
第二步：审理真题题干找到定位词，快速做好原文定位。
第三步，开始做题，根据定位词去周围找答案句。
第四步，根据答案据分析选项，选出正确答案。
以上方法都是纯技巧方法，根本没有谈论到对文章的理解，词汇的掌握，但是并不是说这个不重要!!!而是，你能看懂多少文章内容才是基础!!!技巧只能帮你提高效率和正确率，但是看得懂才是基础啊，如果你题干都看不懂，那所有技巧都是白搭。
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