2017考研英语一真题及答案解析
Section IUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” _1_ helping you feel close and _2_ to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _4_ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study _5_ over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs _6_ the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being _7_ to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _8_ with a cold ,and the researchers _9_ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _10_ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _11_ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _12_ .
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13_ risk for colds that’s usually _14_ with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_ difficulty.”
Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” _18_ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _19_ in the brain, where it _20_ mood, behavior and physiology.
1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外”。
2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
【答案】A【解析】答案为A。本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“helping you feel close and ______(2)”，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义，并且要与后面介词to 连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，选项A有“关联的”含义最为符合。
3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
【答案】D【解析】答案为D。此题为固定搭配。“a host of”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。
4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。根据题干信息“a warm embrace might even help you ______(4)getting sick this winter.”中，出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处”，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。选项C“避免生病”最符合文意。
5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study”。根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人”的研究。
6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
【答案】D【解析】答案为D。本题为固定搭配。根据句义“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs______(6)the participants'…”考查固定搭配“examined the effects…on sth”。
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。根据句义“common cold after being______(7)to the virus.”，可知选项B：暴露在细菌中，符合文意。
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。本题为固定搭配。结合语境，选项C：得感冒，搭配最为合理。
9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
【答案】A【解析】答案为A。本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“the researchers______(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ______(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”动作的主语是“研究人员”，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑。宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。
10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
【答案】D【解析】答案为D。本题为动词含义考查。根据文章内容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging ______(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，选项D“解释”符合语境要求。
11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
【答案】A【解析】答案为A。本题为逻辑关系题。根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。正确答案为选项A。
12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe______(12)”所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，正确选项为B。
13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
【答案】D【解析】答案为D。本题为形容词修饰。根据原文“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ______(13)risk for colds that's usually ______(14)with stress”，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。选项D：增加的风险，更符合原文语境。
14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。此题为固定搭配题。A 和B选项不可以和with连接。B.associated可以和with连接，意为“与……有关联”。D.compared和with连接表示“和……相比”不符合文章要求。
15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help ______(15)the feeling…”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“the feeling”搭配。
16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of
[C] in the way of [D] in the name of
【答案】A【解析】答案为A。此题为短语搭配题。A. in the face of，意思为：面对。结合文章语境，“面对困难”搭配最为合理。
17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。此题为固定搭配题。即：attribute sth to sth。
18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until
【答案】A【解析】答案为A。此题为逻辑关系题。原文语境：“often called "the bonding hormone"______(18)it promotes attachment in relationships”从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。
19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。本题为动词辨析。语境信息“But some of it ______(19)in the brain”，选项C表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求。
20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences
【答案】D【解析】答案为D。本题为动词辨析。根据原文语境，“where it ______(20)mood, behavior and physiology.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理”，只有D“影响”。
【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。这部分大家一定要注重思路和寻找线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路是，根据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。比方说，题目让考生填主句的内容，那么从句中就会有相应的说明。题目让考生填动词，原文常常在别的地方出现这个动词的同义词。那么如何判断呢？首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，找到有同一宾语的句子，该句中的动词就是所需填写词的同义词。具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网强化阶段英语强化班的完型填空部分有重点讲解。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to______.
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide
[B] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. Airports
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection
【答案】B【解析】答案为B。细节题。根据关键词EgyptAir Flight 804定位到第二段。该关键词所在句为本段第二句，第一句为段落中心句，意为“美国人乐意忍受费时的安全程序作为加强安全的回报”，选项B中security checks是原文security procedures的同义替换，故选项B正确。
22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
【答案】C
【解析】答案为C。细节题。根据关键词long waits at major airports定位到第二段。关键词所在句Enhanced security measures, combined with a rise in the airline travel have resulted in long waits at major airports中的have resulted in是题干contributes to 的同义词，根据此句可知，排长队的原因有两个：增强的安全措施和航空旅行的增加，选项C中an increase in the number of travelers（旅客人数的增加）是对航空旅行的增加的同义替换，航空旅行增加意味着旅客人数的增加，故选项C正确。
23. The word “expedited”(Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ____.
[A] quieter
[B] faster
[C] wider
[D] cheaper
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。词义题。根据关键词expedited和选项内容定位到第五段。本段是在讲过安检时的PreCheck这一程序，该关键词所在句的后一句提到“这节约了每个人的时间”，显然通过预先安检的乘客进入安检通道的时间减少了，即速度“更快了”，四个选项中选项B符合文意，故正确。
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is _______.
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment
【答案】D
【解析】答案为D。细节题。题干问的是“预先安检项目的一个问题是什么”，第六段中出现了PreCheck's fatal flaw，其中flaw是题干中problem的同义替换，故将答案定位至该词组所在句，该句意为“这个价格一直是预先安检的致命缺陷”，所以“预先安检项目的一个问题”是价格问题，故选项D正确。
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text ?
[A] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Less Screening for More Safety
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。主旨题。题干问本文最好的题目是哪一个？文章第一段指出乘飞机的现象：随着机场大规模安全航线的增加，乘客提前到达机场的时间变得越来越长。第二段指出美国人乐意忍受费时的安全程序作为加强安全的回报。第三段提出由于加强了安全措施，机场登机的效率变得很低。第四段分析造成第三段的现象的原因：政府没有预料飞机旅行的陡增。第五段给出对策：使更多的人加入到预安检项目。第六段分析具体介绍加入这一项目的流程并指出其缺陷：价格不合理。第七段指出预安检项目实施前景不客观，指出等到这个项目起作用很长时间已经过去了，即具有“来迟的”的特点。纵观全文，文章围绕PreCheck展开，指出了其缺陷，并给与了作者的评价：等到这个项目起作用很长时间已经过去了。纵观四个选项，选项B PreCheck--a Belated Solution（预安检——一个迟来的解决方案）符合文章主旨。
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates ______.
[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。细节题。根据题干关键词Queen Liliuokalani定位在第一段第一句话“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”，意为“古老的夏威夷人都是天文学家”。这句话暗示的内容就是选项B：天文学在古老的夏威夷社会的重要性。
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to ______.
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
【答案】A
【解析】答案为A。细节题。根据关键词Mauna Kea定位到第二段。该段指出Mauna Kea是连接夏威夷岛和天堂的地方，是世界上最强大的`望远镜所在地，其峰顶条件允许望远镜获得非凡的清晰度。所以答案是选项A：它的地理特征。
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because ______.
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。细节题。根据题干关键词opposed定位到第三段。选项B中的reminds them of与原文a reminder of是同义词，选项B中的humiliating与原文painful是同义词，选项B中的history是对原文the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation的高度概括与总结。
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy ______.
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
【答案】C【解析】答案为C。细节推断题。根据题干关键词astronomy可以定位到第五段的第三句话。第三句话指出“天文学和夏威夷文化都设法回答关于我们是谁，我们来自哪里以及我们将去何方这样的大问题”。所以答案是选项C：可能揭示夏威夷文化的起源。
30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of ______.
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
【答案】D
【解析】答案为D。态度题。通读全文可以得知作者的态度是支持的。
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .
31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he ______.
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness .
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .
[D]had a low opinion of GDP .
【答案】D
【解析】答案为D。细节题。根据题干的定位信息可以定位到第一段第一句，从该句中可以看出Kennedy对于GDP是持有否定态度的。从下文也可以看出作者也认为GDP有许多缺点，所以作者引用Kennedy 来使文章更具有说服力。故选项D为正确答案。
32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ______.
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .
[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .
[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。本题是段落推断题，题干中指明了段落，需要进行推断得出答案，第二段中，作者首先表示英国的GDP被许多西方世界羡慕，然后作者反问如果英国现状真如英国的GDP反映的那么的好，为什么还会有多达1700万的民众都投票要脱欧呢。由此可见英国民众认为GDP好并不代表英国社会现状真的好。故选项B为答案。
33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?
[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .
[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
[C]Its criteria are questionable .
[D]Its results are enlightening .
【答案】D
【解析】答案为D。细节题。根据题干信息和关键词 annual study 可以定位到第三段第一句，其中选项D的enlightening 与sheds some light on that question同义替换。故选项D为正确选项。
34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that ______.
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .
【答案】C
【解析】答案为C。细节题。从最后一段可以看出GDP不再够用了，它没有包含重要的因素。选项C中it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP正好是该句的完美改写。因此选项C是正确答案。
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson
[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health
[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being
【答案】A
【解析】答案为A。主旨题，需要通过全篇来选答案，这篇文章在开头引用了Kennedy对于GDP的负面评价，并通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏，中间各段在分析英国GDP表现好，但实际英国社会现状却不好，最后在倒数第二自然段指出This is a lesson that rich countries can learn. 故选项A是正确答案。