考研英语阅读理解模拟复习题

时间：2021-01-15 18:21:50 考研英语我要投稿

2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟复习题

　　复习题一：

2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟复习题

　　According to psychologists(心理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. it can be created by a person's thoughts.

　　Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.

　　Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear,despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.

　　Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.

　　Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.

　　56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something___________.

　　A)one thinks bad or good B)one feels in danger

　　C)one faces in the outside world D)one tries to escape from real life

　　57. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A)Children learn emotions as they grow up.

　　B)Babies are born with emotions.

　　C)Emotions fall into two types in general.

　　D)People can cope with the negative emotions in life.

　　58. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to___________.

　　A) explain why people have emotions

　　B) show how people avoid the negative emotions

　　C) explain what people should do before emotions

　　D) define and classify people's emotions

　　59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if___________.

　　A) he can not think properly B) he can't pay attention to it

　　C) he can't pay attention to it D) he is not full of energy

　　60. As used in the last sentence, the word drains means___________.

　　A) stops B) ties C) weakens D) flows gradually

　　答案

　　1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C

　　复习题二：

　　At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.”

　　It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.”

　　At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.

　　But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment， patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.”

　　1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.

　　[A] show the promise of gene-therapy

　　[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases

　　[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team

　　[D] explain how gene-based treatment works

　　2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________.

　　[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine

　　[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy

　　[C] promised a cure to every disease

　　[D] made him a national hero

　　3. Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.

　　[B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises.

　　[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.

　　[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.

　　4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________.

　　[A] affect

　　[B] warn

　　[C] trouble

　　[D] stain

　　5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.

　　[A] optimistic

　　[B] pessimistic

　　[C] troubled

　　[D] uncertain

　　答案：A B C D A

　　复习题三：

　　Should doctor-assisted ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations.

　　Should the patient take an active role in assisted ? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces.

　　What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs.

　　The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another‘s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well.

　　These general concerns of those who oppose assisted are valid in certain contexts of the assisted question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn‘t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted .

　　I believe that blindly opposing assisted does no one a service.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery，and someone gives that person a deadly dose of ，that seems merciful rather than criminal.If we can agree to this，then I think we could also agree that having a doctor close by measuring the dosage and advising the family and friends is a reasonable request.Without the doctor‘s previous treatment，the person would have surely been dead already.Doctors have intervened for months or even years，so why not sanction this final，merciful intervention?

　　Life is indeed precious，but an inevitable part of life is death，and it should be precious，too.If life has become an intolerable pain and intense suffering，then it seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty，one should have the right to end her or his suffering quietly，surely，and with family and friends nearby.

　　1. In this passage“doctor-assisted ”actually refers to the practice that doctors____.

　　[A]kill their patients by intentional inducement

　　[B]unconsciously help their patients to commit

　　[c]propose euthanasia(安乐死)to the terminally ill patient

　　[D]kill their patients with improper prescription

　　2. People may object to doctor-assisted on the ground that____.

　　[A]patients should determine when they want to end their lives

　　[B]doctors should be punished if they fail to save their patients

　　[C]doctors may make mistakes in their diagnosis

　　[D]doctors should wait until their patients‘ death is certain

　　3. Who has the power to decide when a person should die according to those who argue against assisted ?

　　[A]The patient. [B]The doctor.

　　[C]Nature. [D]None of the above.

　　4. When speaking of the role patients play in assisted ，the author admits that____.

　　[A]it is not up to them to make the choice

　　[B]science is a better arbiter than their personal preference

　　[C]personal preference should not be taken too seriously

　　[D]they are unable to make the choice in some cases

　　5. The author makes it clear that____.

　　[A]he is opposed to doctor-assisted

　　[B]he is in favor of doctor-assisted

　　[C]he neither objects to nor favors doctor-assisted

　　[D]he thinks it better to leave the issue undiscussed at present

　　参考答案：

　　1. [C] 第一段第二句实际上是doctor-assisted 的定义。

　　2. [C] 参阅第三段第六、七、八句。

　　3. [C] 参阅第四段第三、四、五句。

　　4. [D] 参阅第五段，尤其是本段第一句。

　　5. [B] 参阅最后一段，尤其是该段第二句。

　　复习题四：

　　William Shakespeare described old age as “second childishness”—— sans teeth， sans eyes， sans taste. In the case of taste he may， musically speaking， have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimer's Disease in Brescia， Italy， shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression， if not to infancy， then at least to a patient's teens.

　　Frontotemporal dementia is caused， as its name suggests， by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech， and with such “higher” functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimer's disease， a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdala the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than Alzheimer's. In the past five years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1，500 Alzheimer's patients; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia.

　　Two of those patients interested Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer， the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories， but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed the lawyer， once a classical music lover whoreferred to pop music as “mere noise”， started listening to the Italian pop band “883”。 As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated， he

　　continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer's love of classical music， having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to.

　　This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's patients， and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another lapse of musical taste， one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.

　　Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brain's right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe， caused by damage to the latter， might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively， the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article， de gustibus non disputandum est. Or， in plainer words， there is no accounting for taste.

　　11. For Shakespeare， old age as “second childishness” for they have the same

　　A favorite.

　　B memory.

　　C experience.

　　D sense.

　　12. Which one is not a symptom of Frototemporal dementia?

　　A the loss of memory.

　　B the loss of judgment.

　　C the loss of abstract thinking .

　　D the loss of speech.

　　13. From the two patients mentioned in the passage， it can be concluded that

　　A their command of language has deteriorated.