六级英语阅读理解的真题案例解析
判断词汇和短语题
1.通过连接词关系如and,or等推断所考词汇的含义。
一般来说，用and连接的内容在含义上是相近的，而用or连接的内容往往是相反的，但有时or后面的内容，也是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明。
［真题例解］(2002年6月第34题)
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus.While the one protects the individual from violence,the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state.In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders.War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states;it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment,allegiance,and supreme sacrifice.Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
Q：The work“allegiance”(Line 5, Para.3) is closest in meaning to.
A) loyaltyB) objectivC) survivalD) motive
答案为A)。解本题可用同类词关系进行判断。在“allegiance”前后的两个主词分别是commitment和 sacrifice，应能判断出这三个词相对于国家而言是同一类词，再利用排除法，不难选出正确答案A）。
2.通过上下文关系来判断被考词汇的意思。
［真题例解］(1999年1月第27题)
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery.Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements lots of magneticfield intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years.The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, welldefined rhythm.Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal.When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years—the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
Q： The word “flip” (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means “”.
A) declineB. intensifyC. fluctuateD. reverse
答案为D)。? 这一题目是根据上下文判断词意的题。flip的意思是“快速翻转”，它所在的句子的意思是“当两极互换——这一过程需要上万年的时间——磁场会很快重新恢复它的强度，新的一轮循环又开始了。”因此在四个选项中： A.decline的意思是“拒绝；变小、变弱”，B.intensify的意思是“(使某物)变得更强烈、加剧”，C.fluctuate的意思是“(价格、数量等)涨落、波动”;D.reverse的.意思是“使(某物)反转、倒退、颠倒”，例如：Writing is reversed in a mirror.写出来的字在镜子里是颠倒的。D的意思与flip最接近。
3.选项含义与所考单词含义表面上相近的一般不是答案。
［真题例解］(1999年6月第18题)
We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries.We can no longer afford to be tunnelvisioned in our approach.We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions.We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
Q： The word “tunnelvisioned” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “”.
A) narrowmindedB) blind to the facts
C) shortsightedD) able to see only one aspect
答案是D)。选项A)“眼界狭窄的”和选项C)“目光短浅的”与“tunnelvisioned”含义相近，所以许多考生都误选了A)或C)。
4.定冠词the+被考词汇，则定冠词所指示的对象已在上文出现过。
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail.Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the official got it right,they were,on average,17 meters away from the action.
Q：The word“officials”(Line 4,Para 4)most probably refers to .
A)the researchers involved in the experiment
B)the inspectors of the football tournament
C)the referees of the football tournament
D)the observers at the site of the experiment
答案是C)。定冠词出现处，一般来说，其所指示的对象已在上文出现过。因此the official暗示，其含义相当的某种人已在上文出现。根据上下文知，official是指上文刚提到的my? referees。
(三)推理判断题
1.如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。
［真题例解］(2001年1月第29题)
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances.The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us.Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties.Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.Similarly, money,growing old,sickness,deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings.But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an N.B.D.Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.
Q：In the last paragraph,the author tells us that.
A)difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D)good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
答案为A)。根据题干要求，我们只用在最后一段寻找答案。根据文章末段第四、五两句可知A）正确。
2.选项词语过于绝对化，一般不是正确答案。
I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time,and she remembers that when she first joined the community,there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus.Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
Q：It can be inferred form the Passage that
A)meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B)American political circles will not accept diversity
C)it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media
D)minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
答案是A)。文中通过一位美国黑人教授之口，传达出多样性的好处的信息，因此可以推断出是多样化使不拘一格使用人才成为可能，与A)项意义吻合。若单从选项本身判断，B)和C)句意过于绝对，因此排除，这样使判断范围缩小，有利于选择答案。
3.合乎常理或符合一般常识的选项大多是答案项，而与原文相同或对原文做字面解释的则不是答案。
［真题例解］(2002年1月第39题)
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference.If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc.Largecity urbanites are also more likely than their smalltown counterparts to have a cosmopolitan （见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional? religious? groups,? unpopular? political? groups,? and? socalled? undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Q：It can be inferred from the Passage that the bigger a community is,.
? A) the better its quality of life
? B) the more similar its interests
? C) the more tolerant and openminded it is
? D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
答案是C)。比较四个选项，城市越大，生活质量并不一定越好，兴趣并不一定更相似，并不一定更能显示心理压力，所以A)、B)、D)项均可排除。而C)项则合乎常理。因此将选项与常识联系后，很快就会找到正确答案。
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