2016年6月英语四级翻译备考练习题
一、鲁迅
话题材料：
鲁迅是作家周树人的笔名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景(Confucian background)。由于家道中落，鲁迅的童年充满了苦难。1904年，他去了日本仙台学医，但很快意识到中国对“精神医学”的需要远远超过治疗身体疾病的需要。因此，鲁迅在1906年回到东京，决定放弃医学，投身于教育和文学事业。他一直被视为中国20世纪最伟大的现代作家。毛主席称他为“中国文化革命的主将”。
参考译文：
Lu Xun is the pen name of the writer born as ZhouShuren in 1881 in a family with a deep Conflicianbackground. Owing to the decline of his familyfortunes, Lu Xun‘s childhood was filled withhardship. In 1904, he went to Sendai, in Japan, tostudy medicine, but he soon realized that China needed far more“spiritual medicine”, thantreatment for physical ills.Therefore, he returned to Tokyo in 1906, and decided to give upstudying medicine and devote himself to education and literature. Lu Xun has been consideredas China's greatest modern writer during the 20th century.Chairman Mao called him“commander of China's cultural revolution” .
1.鲁迅是作家周树人的笔名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景：“笔名” 可译为penname.句中的“有”可用with来翻译，所以“有深厚的儒家背景”就是：with a deepConfucian background.
2.因此，鲁迅在1906年回到东京，决定放弃医学，投身于教育和文学事业：“投身于”可译为devote oneself to，devote意为“投身、贡献”。
3.毛主席称他为“中国文化革命的主将”：“称”可译为call， call可以跟双宾语，常用表达是call sb. sth.“中国文化革命的主将”可译为commander of China‘s cultural revolution.
二、城隍庙
话题材料：
中国的很多城镇都有自己的城隍爷(Cheng-huang god)来保护。许多城隍爷来源于他们所保护的城镇的真实人物。这些人物在世时很有名。当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙，还会确保阎王爷(the King of the Dead)不经他的允许不能带走任何人的灵魂。如果城镇里有人在做坏事，城隍爷就会托梦告诉你是谁在做坏事，这样你就可以阻止他们了。
参考译文：
Many towns in China had their own Cheng-huang gods to protect the towns.Many of Cheng-huang gods were based on real men from the towns they protected. These men had been well known while they were alive. Cheng-huang gods protected the walls of the town when enemies were attacking the town. He also made sure the King of the Dead didn't take any souls away without his permission. If anyone was doing anything bad in the town, Cheng-huang god would appear in your dream and make a request, telling you who it was, then you could stop them.
1.许多城隍爷来源于他们所保护的城镇的真实人物：该句关键在于“来源于”的翻译，这里要表达的意思是“某形象根据真实人物来塑造”，故可译为sb.be based on sb.。
2.当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙，还会确保阎王爷不经他的允许不能带走任何人的灵魂：该句偏长，可以翻译为两个句子。第一句即“当敌人袭击他们时，城隍爷会保护城镇的城墙”，其中后半部分可译为主句，前半部分可译为以when引导的状语从句;“确保”可译为made sure，“不经他的允许”可译为without hispermission，“带走任何人的灵魂可以用take短语来表示，即take any souls away.
三、本草纲目
话题材料：
《本草纲目》(The Compendium of Materia Medica)是明代(the Ming Dynasty)著名的医学家李时珍所著。这部著作近乎200万字，记载药物(medical substance) 1892种。除了中草药(Chinese herhal medicine)，该书也包含了动物和矿物质作为药物的记载。《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书，对各种药物的名称、气味、形态等都做了详尽的介绍。它被翻译成20多种语言并在全世界广为流传。即便现在，人们还常常将它用作医学参考书。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“著名的医学家”和“李时珍”所指为同一个人，故将前者处理为后者的同位语，表达为Li Shizhen，a famous medical scientist.
2.第2句为并列的两个汉语短句，合为一句翻译的处理办法是将其中一个句子“介词化”，将前半句用介词短语With almost 2 million Chinese characters来表达，符合英语中多用介词短语的表达习惯。句首的“这部著作”(the book)移到第2个分句中作主语。
3.第3句中的“作为药物的`”可处理为“动物和矿物质”的后置定语，用过去分词短语used as medical substances表被动。
4.第4句“《本草纲目》堪称……最完整的医书，对各种药物……做了详尽的介绍”可直译为并列结构The book is regarded as…and introduces in detail…，但因句子成分太多而显繁冗，故可对该句进行拆译，处理成两个独立的句子。第2个分句“对各种药物……做了详尽的介绍”可增译主语 the book，也可转换宾语“介绍”(introduction)为主语，用被动语态，整句译作 Detailed introductions…are given…，including…。
5.最后一句可按汉语句式直译为Even now people still often use it as a reference book in medicine，但如将主语转换成it，将句子转换成被动语态，则能与全文的论述视角更为统一。
The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by LiShizhen, a famous medical scientist in the MingDynasty. With almost 2 million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds of medical substances.Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animalsand minerals used as medical substances. TheCompendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete medical book in the history oftraditional Chinese medicine. Detailed introductions of all the medical substances are given inthe book, including name, smell, appearance, etc. It has been translated into more than 20languages and spreads all over the world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book inmedicine.
四、龙门石窟
话题材料：
龙门石窟(Longmen Grottoes)坐落于洛阳市南。它和云冈石窟(Yungang Caves)、莫髙窟(Mogao Caves)被视为中国最著名的三大石窟。许多关于艺术、音乐、宗教、书法、医药、服装和建筑的历史资料都保存在龙门石窟里。龙门石窟1400个洞穴内有多达10万座雕像，雕像髙度从1英寸到57英尺不等。这些作品完全致力于佛教主题，代表了中国石刻艺术的巅峰。
参考译文：
Longmen Grottoes are located in the south of Luoyang city.Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Caves and Mogao Caves are regarded as three most famous grottoes in China.Lots of historical materials concerning art, music, religion, calligraphy, medicine, costume and architecture are kept in Longmen Grottoes. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 1,400 caves, ranging from 1 inch to 57 feet in height.These works that are entirely devoted to the Buddhist religion, represent the peakedness of Chinese stone carving art.
1.龙门石窟坐落于洛阳市南：其中“石窟”也就是“洞穴”，可译为grotto，它变复教时要加es.“坐落于”可译为be locatedin，locate意为“坐落于，确定…的位置”。
2.它和云冈石窟、莫高窟被视为中国最著名的三大石窟：其中“被视为”可译为be regarded as，也可用be consideredas或be seen as来表示。
3.这些作品完全致力于佛教主题，代表了中国石刻艺术的巅峰：其中“致力于”可译为be devoted to，devote意为“奉献，把……专用于”，devote oneself to 意为“献身于;沉溺于”。“代表”可译为represent，stand for也有“代表”的意思;前者多指实体代表，后者多指抽象物体代表。“巅峰”可译为peakedness.