2015年6月大学英语四级阅读模拟练习题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
1.The following factors tend to promote social change except ____.
A) different kinds of people
B) different points of view
C) different interests
D) different conditions
2.The expression “greater tolerance” refers to “____”.
A) more respect for different beliefs and behaviors
B) quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
C) greater willingness to change
D) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas
3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE within a society?
A) Social change is less likely to occur in technology than in values.
B) What people learned in their early times tends to change quickly.
C) The basic and emotional aspects of society tend to slow down social change.
D) Strange elements are likely to quicken social change.
4. Social change is easier if it takes place ____.
A) step by step
B) among Black Americans
C) between Black Americans and their white counterparts
D) between Black Americans and other Americans minorities
5.The passage mainly discusses ____.
A) the necessity of social change.
B) certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occurs.
C) the way to slow down social change.
D) how to promote social change.
答案与解析：
1. D 细节题。一误三正，通过题干回到文章中找相对应的句子，便可以得知答案。根据短文得知，除了不同的条件，以下三个因素都可以促进社会变革。见文章中第一段All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. 可以判断促使社会变革的因素出现在该句子前面：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people(答案A) than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest (答案C), and more groups and organizations with different beliefs (答案B). In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. 这里提到了different kinds of people(答案A)，different beliefs(答案B)，more disagreements in interest (答案C)，所以答案为D。
2. A 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。根据短文得知，greater tolerance指的是对不同的信仰和行为的尊重。见文章中的tolerance一词，该词常用来表示“忍受，容忍”，结合上文：There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies，此处的tolerance指的是对more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs的容忍，即尊重，所以答案为A。
3. C 细节题。一正三误，通过选项回到文章里找相对应的句子，便可以得知答案。
根据短文得知，在社会内部，技术方面的变化比价值方面的'变化更有可能发生。见文章第二段：Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values(答案A不对); in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early(答案B不对); in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite(答案C对); in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements(答案D不对)。所以答案为C。
4. A 词义题。通过对gradual的理解，便可以得知答案。根据短文得知，社会变革如果一步一步进行的话，则容易一些。见文章第三段第一句social change is easier if it is gradual. gradual与step by step近义。所以答案为A。
5. B 主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句以及各段落的主题句可以得知答案。根据短文得知，文章主要讨论有些因素决定了社会变革的产生。见文章每一段的主题句(Para.1)Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. (Para.2) Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in....(Para. 3) Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual，每个主题句里都含有social change，所以答案为B。
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