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2011年6月大学英语四级真题
2011年6月大学英语四级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题
3.我的建议
Online Shopping
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.
British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New
British cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.
Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.
"The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.
"It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.
There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给).
"As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."
They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.
Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.
With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."
Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restau rants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.
Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."
Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."
These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."
However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.
"We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."
The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is avail able in the local markets.
"We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are pre sented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."
Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.
Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.
At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.
This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."
Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. What is British food generally known for?
A) Its unique flavour. C) Its special cooking methods.
B) Its bad taste. D) Its organic ingredients.
2. The Second World War led to________ in Britain.
A) an inadequate supply of food C) an increase in food import
B) a decrease of grain production D) a change in people's eating habits
3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?
A) Its food lacked variety. C) It was short of well-trained chefs.
B) Its people cared more for quantity. D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.
4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of .
A) most young people C) all kinds of overseas visitors
B) elderly British diners D) upper-class customers
5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?
A) Authentic classic cuisine. C) New ideas and presentations.
B) Locally produced ingredients. D) The return of home-style dishes.
6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should________ .
A) benefit people's health C) be offered at reasonable prices
B) look beautiful and inviting D) maintain British traditional tastes
7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?
A) They appeal to people from all over the world.
B) They are produced on excellent organic farms.
C) They are processed in a scientific way.
D) They come in a great variety.
8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _______.
9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______.
10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to _______.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each ques tion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) He is careless about his appearance.
B) He is ashamed of his present condition.
C) He changes jobs frequently.
D) He shaves every other day.
12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.
B) Jane should have started a little earlier.
C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.
D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.
13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.
B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.
C) Collecting information about baseball games.
D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.
14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.
B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.
C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.
D) He has been having a hard time.
15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.
B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.
C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.
D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.
16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.
B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.
C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.
D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.
17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.
B) Jill missed her class last week. D) She is in the same class as the man.
18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.
B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. C) Pain and pleasure in sports.
B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. D) A sport he participates in.
20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.
B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.
C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.
D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
21. A) New ideas come up as you write.
B) Much time is spent on collecting data.
C) A lot of effort is made in vain.
D) The writer's point of view often changes.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.
B) Director of evening radio programs.
C) Producer of television commercials.
D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".
23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.
B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.
C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.
D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.
24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.
B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.
C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.
D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.
25. A) The restaurant location. C) The food variety.
B) The restaurant atmosphere. D) The food price.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children. B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.
C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it.
27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.
B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.
C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.
D) It can permanently change the eye structure.
28. A) It can never be done even with high technology.
B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.
C)It is a major achievement in eye surgery.
D) It can only be partly accomplished now.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.
B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.
C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.
D) They have jobs and other commitments.
30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.
B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.
C) They would like to spend more time with them.
D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.
31. A) Provide professional standard care. C) Be frank and seek help from others.
B) Be affectionate and cooperative. D) Make full use of community facilities.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.
B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.
C) Common complaints made by office workers.
D) Conflicts between labor and management.
33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.
B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.
C) Follow government regulations strictly.
D) Provide extra health compensation.
34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.
B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.
C) They sought help from union representatives.
D) They wanted to work shorter hours.
35. A) To show how they love winter sports.
B) To attract the attention from the media.
C) To protest against the poor working conditions.
D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) someday may (36) _____ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____.
Although no form of matter yet (39) _____ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____ this in 1905, when he (43) _____ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) ____________________________________.
An obsession (沉迷) with time – saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it – (45) ____________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) ____________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.
Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.
“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
“It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
|
A) alert |
I) formally |
|
B) associated |
J) function |
|
C) attracting |
K) mixed |
|
D) cling |
L) negative |
|
E) continuing |
M) sufficient |
|
F) definitely |
N) tend |
|
G) different |
O) younger |
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.
B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.
C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.
D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
59. What does the Indiana University study show?
A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.
D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A) Students of different races are required to share a room.
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良)and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)."
However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.
62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.
B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.
D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.
63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?
A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.
B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.
C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.
D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.
64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?
A) Its statistics look embarrassing. C) It deserves our closest attention.
B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.
65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?
A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.
B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.
C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.
D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.
B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.
C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.
D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
When it comes to eating smart for your heart, thinking about short-term fixes and simplify life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.
Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite ad you lift __67__ your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that __68__ amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the __69__ to good health," Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a __70__ understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to __71__ not only heart disease but disease __72__ general," she adds.
Scientists now __73__ on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten __74__ several days or a week __75__ than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that __76__ at each meal.
Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds __77__ for good health. “The more we learn, the more __78__ we are by the wealth of essential substances they __79__," Van Horn continues, "and how they __80__ with each other to keep us healthy."
You'll automatically be __81__ the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make __82__ three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. __83__ in the remaining one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.
The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to __84__ clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a __85__, each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big __86__ on your health in the years to come.
67. A) between B) through C) inside D)to
68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate
69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center
70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural
71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend
72. A) in B) upon C)for D)by
73. A) turn B)put C) focus D) carry
74. A) over B) along C) with D)beyond
75. A) other B) better C) rather D)sooner
76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted
77 A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical
78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused
79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain
80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest
81. A) at B)of C) on D) within
82. A) out B) into C) off D) up
83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack
84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil
85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt
86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitment
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _____________________ (也没有解释为什么).
88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _____________________ (能被分配做另一项工作).
89. John rescued the drowning child _____________________ (冒着自己生命危险).
90. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接电话的却是他的助手).
91. Although he was interested in philosophy, _____________________ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law.
2011年6月大学英语四级真题参考答案
快速阅读：
B.A.B.C.C.D.B
local markets
in a British way
share their meals
选词填空：
N.L.H.B.A
J.F.O.E.G
传统阅读：
D.D.A.D.A
B.A.B.D.D
说明：
1.
题干中的蓝色字为此道题目定位的信号词
2.
文章中的蓝色字为题干中信号词对应的定位点
3.
文章中下划线句子为题目答案所在句。
4.
选项中红色字为该选项的错误所在。
5.
具体6大类常见干扰项在题目中简称体现如下：
无中生有——无
推断过度——推
移花接木——移
答非所问——答
片面肤浅——片
自相矛盾——自
请同学们在阅读时有所参照。
PASSAGE ONE
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor - said that “if you’re surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race.” she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
“One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley.” This is the definition of integration.”
“I’ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor(RA).The RA of two years added that while some conflicts” provided more multicultural acceptance and melding(融合),” there were also “jarring cultural confrontations.”
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
57. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. 推
B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. 无
C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good. 无
D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
答案：D。可能会有同学错选A。不过A里面的unavoidable(不可避免的)是推断过度，原文只是说会有很多的矛盾，但并不像A说的那么绝对，是不可避免的。B里面的彼此有偏见是无中生有的信息，比较明显，第一段并未说。C里面说跨种族的住宿弊大于利，无中生有，原文第一段结尾只是说有利有弊，但没有比较，所以C也犯了我讲过的比较级原则。D是对第一段最后划线句子的统一表达，有利有弊，就是D里面说的“有各种各样的结果”，因为可能好，也可能不好。
总结：此题难度2颗星，A算个迷惑项吧。
58. What does Sam Boakye’s remark mean?
A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers. 无
B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically. 无
C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year. 无
D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
答案：D。这是一道句子推断题。不过和以前的句子推断题不同的是它没有直接写出他所说的话，但这也不难，因为用他的名字定位还是很容易的。这话的原句是“当你身边都是白人的时候，你需要证明一些事情”。这是第一种正常句子，体会言外之意情况。文章读到这里，大家一般都能看出来这句话的言外之意是D，身处白人中的黑人被激励去更努力的工作去证明自己并不差，给自己的种族争脸，这点从前一段我划线的句子也能看出。A说的白人学生歧视黑人学生为无中生有，原文没有提及任何歧视的事儿。B有一定迷惑性，有点像是我划线句子的同义表达，但划线句中的比较级并不是黑人和白人比，而是身处白人中的黑人和普通黑人比，他们学术成绩要更高，大家不要理解错了。C所说的尴尬，无中生有。
点评：此题难度2颗星，B选项略有迷惑性。
59. What does the Indiana University study show?
A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. 无
C) Roommates of different races just don’t get along. 无，推
D) Assigning students’ lodging randomly is not a good policy. 无
答案：A。此题定位容易，宾语从句的精确意思不用去考虑，只要大家根据已知单词看出来跨种族的比同种族的更容易不住在一起就行，这个大致意思相信很多人都能看出来，你那答案就是A。可能有很多同学不认识fall out这个词组，没关系，BCD错的比较明显，B说没几个白人学生喜欢和黑人学生同处一室，无中生有。C说的不同种族的室友就是无法相处也是推断过度的，因为原文只是说他们更容易散了，不能说就是无法相处。D设计到政策这事儿，根本的无中生有。
点评：此题难度2颗星，A里面的词组可能会对选择造成影响。
60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?
A) Students of different races are required to share a room. 自
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. 自
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. 自
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
答案：D。这道题问“融合的定义”，即使不认识integration这个词，没关系，原文原词重现，去前面找就行。D是原文下划线句子的同义表达。A说“被要求”是自相矛盾的，因为原文说是随机安排的。D也是自相矛盾，原因和A一样。D说的“没有例外”，是和原文的“有个别例外”矛盾。
点评：此题难度一颗星，没啥难度基本，可能个别词汇吧，多背单词吧孩子们。
61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. 无
C) Students’ racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. 无
D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
答案：A。generalization这个词其实很地道，很难的，建议大家可以去查查英英字典，看看例句，你就懂了，不过这个词不认识没关系，照抄原文原词，A是最后一段划线句的同义表达。B说到了学校应该怎么做，无中生有。C说的在分配房间前该考虑学生种族背景，无中生有，最后一段说的背景要进一步研究和调查，和分房子没关，而和generalization有染。D的有经验的住宿顾问为无中生有。
点评：此题难度3颗星，划线句子有点难理解。
PASSAGE TWO
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition(营养不良)and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielker Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment ” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的)regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said , “ will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed(有瑕疵的).”
However, Soren Andresen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.
62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. 无
B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. 无
D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. 无
答案：B，它为原文第二段划线句子的同义表达。A把全球温度和经济发展扯上了，两者原文根本没任何关系，无中生有。同样的道理，D把经济发展和人口和自然灾害扯上了。C说的贫穷国家，原文没有。
点评：此题难度2颗星。
63. What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?
A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.
B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. 自
C) It was warmly received by environmentalists. 自
D) It caused a big stir in developing countries. 无
答案：A，从第三段和第五段可以看出来，有人质疑它，批评它。BC中的“兴趣”和“受欢迎”都是自相矛盾。D中的big stir不认识也没关系，因为“发展中国家”已经决定它错了，无中生有。
点评：此题难度2颗星，定位略难。
64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?
A) Its statistics look embarrassing. 无
B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.
C) It deserves our closest attention. 移
D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. 无
答案：C，原文下划线句子同义表达，说方法上有问题。A中的词我讲过，叫统计数据，无中生有。C是移花接木，因为原文说的是气候变化值得我们关注，而不是题干说的报告值得我们关注。D中的结论被故意的夸大，无中生有。
点评：此题难度3颗星，B中的invalid可能很多人不认识，C还是高迷惑项，没看准特容易选。
65. What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?
A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. 自
B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. 无，答
C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. 无
D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
答案：D，原文划线句的统一归纳及略微的推断。A自相矛盾，原文说这是大致的数字。B本身对，但在这段没体现，也不是这个人的观点，因为这个人是挺这个报告的。C里有个词组叫give rise to，引起的意思，可能很多同学不认识，但热烈的讨论有点从原文看不出来，但C是个高迷惑项。
点评：此题难度3颗星，C的词组和D的推断略难。
66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. 无
B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. 无
C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. 无
D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.
答案：D，原文就是说富国如何帮助穷国减少气候的影响。A说的分担责任，无中生有。B说的“减少”，绝对的无中生有。C说的信息也是无中生有。D很明显。
点评：此题难度2颗星。
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