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比较级和最高级的用法
比较级是由形容词原级转化而来，一般是在原级后面加er，也有一些不规则的转化，最高级是由形容词或副词转化而来，形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前面的the可以省略。下面为大家带来比较级和最高级的用法，快来看看吧。
概念
1、比较级用于两个人或物之间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……”，标志词“than”，通常用于两者之间的比较。
2、最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。
一、规则变化
1、一般直接在词尾加er;est.
tall---taller---the tallest
great---greater---the greatest
2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;st
nice---nicer---the nicest
fine---finer---the finest
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;est
busy---busier---the busiest
heavy---heavier---the heaviest
4、重读闭音节结尾的单音节词，若词尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加er;est
big-bigger-the biggest
hot -hotter-the hottest
5、少数以-y，-er，-ow， -ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，和-est(以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为i，再加-er和-est;以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)
happy—happier—happiest
clever—cleverer—cleverest
5、多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;most
easily--more easily--most easily
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
特殊点：
（１）有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most，如glad，fond，shy，sly(但like只可用more和most)。
eg.I am not more glad than you.
我可没像你那样高兴。
Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.
杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书。
（２）有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可，如free，clear等。
eg.Im clearer/more clear about it than before.
对这事，我比以前更清楚了。
（３）有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可，在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势，如：secure，cruel，pretty，lively等。
eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.
她留长发比留短发漂亮。
The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.
这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了。
（４）分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most。
eg.I felt more tired this morning.
今天上午我感觉比较疲倦。
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更激动人心。
The report is most alarming.
这个报告最为扰乱人心。
（５）形容词前可加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”。
eg.Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.
近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见。
The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.
这张邮票因为有点瑕疵，不那么值钱。
Shes no less active than she used to be.
她和以往一样活跃。
He has less strength than I have.
他的力气比我小。
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
天气没有昨天那样冷。
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most;
如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意：(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
如：good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
注意：
① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。
②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。
如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very， quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽。
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如：Who is taller，Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……， the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make， the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
The sooner，the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three， in our class等等。
如：He is the tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的。
7."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词
①.a bit， a little， rather， much， far， by far， many， a lot， lots， a great deal， any， still， even等。
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
③. 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far， far， much， mostly， almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is larger， Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country， Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
四、典型例题
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，Im fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
3)If there were no examinations， we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
比较级和最高级的用法
1.两者相比(甲=乙)，用“as+原级+as”表示
Tom is as tall as Mike.
2.两者相比(甲〈 乙)，用“not as(so) +原级+as”或“less than”表示
I didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.
The picture is less attractive than that one.
3.两者相比(甲〉乙)，用“比较级+than”表示
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.
注意：1) 为了避免重复，在从句中常用one， that， those等词来代替前面提过的名词。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.
2)比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。
比较级+than+
any other + 单数名词
all the other + 复数名词
anyone else
any of the other + 复数名词
3)如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将不定冠词a/an放在形容词之后。
Our neighbour has _____ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. house the same big as
4)比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示“两者中较……时”。比较级前要加定冠词。若比较级后有名词，常在比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。
E.g. 他是两者中较高的一个
He is the taller of the two.
她唱得真动听!我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高级时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示，这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
That was the least exciting football game I’ve ever watched.
This hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever stayed.
注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an时，仅表示“很……，非常……”
Monday is my busiest day.
星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.
青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。
比较级的一些其他用法
1、倍数表示方法
a) 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ as
b) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
c) 倍数+ the + n. + of
This rope is three times longer than that one.(这条绳子比那条长三倍。)
This rope is three times as long as that one.(这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍。)
This rope is three times the length of that one.(这条绳子比那条绳子长三倍。)
2、用形容词比较级的否定形式，从反面来表示最高级，通常译为“没有比……更……”
No other book has a greater effect on my life.
没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。
This book has the greatest effect on my life.
考例： —Go for a picnic this weekend， OK?
--_____. I love getting close to nature.
A.I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not.
C.I believe not D.I don’t think so.
3、more and more 越来越… …
Our city is getting bigger and bigger.
Our city is getting more and more beautiful.
4、the more … the more … 越… …就越… …
The more you study， the more you know.
The busier the old man is， the happier he feels.
The more intelligent students are， the more quickly they understand ideas.
5、可用下列词来修饰形容词的比较级
much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still
1.原级用法
① 表示被比较双方在某一方面相等或相同时， 用as + adj / adv + as结构， 表示“…和…一样” 。如：
a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.
b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
② 表示被比较双方在某一方面不相等或不同时， 用not as / so + adj / adv + as， 表示“…和…不一样”
a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.
b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
2.比较级的用法
① 对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
② 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works， the happier he feels.
⑤ 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥ 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧ 倍数表达法。
（A）A is three(four， etc.)times the size(height， length etc.)of B.
如：The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
（B）A is three(four， etc.)times as big(high， long， etc.)as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
（C）A is three (four， etc.)times bigger(higher， longer， etc.)than B.
如：Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
3.最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
比较级和最高级的试题
一. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
old_________ ________9. busy________ _________
hot_________ ________10. slow_________ ________
thin _________ ________11. clean_________________
big _________ ________12. cold_________ ________
good_________ ________13. many_________ ________
bad_________ ________14. much_________________
little________ _______ 15.interesting_________ ________
wide_________ ________16.expensive _________________
二.用所给单词适当形式填空
1.You look much______than before. (thin)
2.The cartoon is____________than the book. (interesting)
3.Summer is ________season around the year. ( hot)
4.Lily is______________ than Lucy. ( beautiful )
5.The pizza is_______________ than the cake. ( delicious )
6.The monkey’s tailis ___________ than the rabbit’s tail. ( long )
7.My room is_________ of the three. (clean)
8.Our classroom is____________ than yours. ( big )
9.The orange is____________ than the apple. ( small )
10.My book is _____________ than yours. (new )
三．单项选择
1.Bob is ___________ than Tom.
A.tallB.muchtallerC. highD. much more taller
2.Which is ___________ a hen or a ducking?
A .heavyB. heavierC .heavyerD .heavyiest
3.He is much ________ than Lily.
A. goodB. betterC .bestD. gooder
4.My uncle drives _____ than my mother.
A .much betterB. more betterC. bestD. much more better
5.This apple is big, that one is _______.
A. even biggerB. more biggerC. much more bigD. much big
6. Our classroom is _______ larger than theirs.
A. moreB. quiteC. muchD. very
7. __________ foreigners come to China to learn Chinese.
A. Much and muchB. More and moreC. Many and manyD. Less and less
8. When Spring comes, it gets _________.
Awarm and warmB. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmerD. shorter and shorter.
9. This coat is too small, can you show me a ______ one?
A. bigB. biggerC. the biggerD. biggest
10. The price of the house is becoming___________.
A. more and more expensiveB. expensive and expensive
C. much and much expensiveD. more expensive and expensive
11. This orange is the __________ of all. Give it to that small child.
A. bigB. biggerC. the biggerD. the biggest
12. Who is _________ of you three?
A. the oldestB. much olderC. oldestD. older
13. Tom is one of _________ boys in our class.
A. carefulB. more carefulC. most carefulD. the most careful
14. This box is _________ that one.
A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. as heavier asD. as heavy as
15. This story is not so _________ as that one.
A. interestingB. interestedC. more interestingD. most interesting
16. Shanghai is bigger than _________ in China.
A. any other cityB. other citiesC. the other cityD. any city
17. Shanghai is bigger than _________ in Japan.
A. any other cityB. other citiesC. the other cityD. any city
18. ______ I look at the picture, __________ I like it.
A. The best, the moreB. The more, the lessC. More, the moreD. The more, less
19. _______ exercise you take, ________ you will be.
A. The more, healthyB. More, healthier
C. The more, the healthierD. Most, healthiest
20. The earth is _________ the moon.
A. as 49 times big asB. 49 times as bigger as
C. 49 times as big asC. as big as 49 times
答案：
一. 略
二．
1.thinner2. more interesting3. the hottest4. more beautiful
5.more delicious6. longer7. the cleanest8. bigger9. smaller10. newer
三．1-5
ABBAA 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 DADDA 16-20 ADBCC
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