2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版)
第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down.
A shut B break
C set D beat
2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A naked B blind
C cautious D private
3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.
A general B inflexible
C complex D direct
4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A right B unbelievable
C obvious D unclear
5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A explore B inhabit
C prefer D travel
6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A send B hear
C confirm D spread
7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A found by chance B passed by
C took a notice of D woke up
8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A about B at
C with D from
9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A express B divide
C influence D voice
10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A taught B kept
C changed D attracted
11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information.
A withhold B exchange
C understand D contact
12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A repaired B cleared
C booked D fixed
13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A offensive B worried
C sleepy D anxious
14. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A different B strange
C wrong D funny
15. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A shorten B end
C start D resume
第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
kicking the habit
what is a bad habit? the most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. this consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. bad habit are part of what makes us human.
many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. we are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. it is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of out life, and becomes “programmed” into our brain.
a recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. during the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. they then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them,
a few days later, the volunteers were given a test. the researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. it came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. two weeks later, they were given the same test again. this time, most of them only gave the first set of words. they appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
the study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. we may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. the more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
the study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. this is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
16. boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
17. we can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
18. bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
19. researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
20. the volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
21. the study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
22. if we develop bad habits early in life , they are harder to get rid of.
a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned
参考答案：c、b、a、b、c 、b、a
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的'短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
traffic jams—no end in sight
1 traffic congestion(拥堵)affects people throughout the world.traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. in the u.s., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the texas transportation institute. while alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
2 the most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing，whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day.in theory, if the toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel{heir trips or go by bus or train.and in practice it seems to work：singapore，london and stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.
3 another way to reduce rush—hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime，which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour.those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars.employers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
4 some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads，especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets.but such techniques do not really keep cars off the road;they only accommodate more of them.
5 other, more forward—thinking，planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day，and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment.for this reason, the american government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.but environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
23.paragraph 1____
24.paragraph 2____
25.paragraph 3 ____
26.paragraph 4____
参考答案：23-26: a、 e、 c 、d
a.not doing enough
b.a global problem
c.changing work practice
d.a solution which is no solution
e.paying to get in
f.closing city centres to traffic
27. most american drivers think it convenient to______
28. if charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.
29. building more roads is not an effective way to______
30. the u. s. government has planned to ______ updating public-transport systems.
参考答案：27—30: c 、a 、e 、d
a.go by bus
b.encourage more private cars
c.drive around
d.spend more money
e.reduce traffic jams
f.travel regularly
第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 on the trial of the honey badger
on a recent field trip to the kalahari desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badgers. the team employed a local wildlife expert kitso khama to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. they also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal’s reputation; this was something that even khama was reluctant to do.
“the problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. if they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. they’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的). fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
the research confirmed many things that were already known. as expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. the researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物). the team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. they were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, they are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
as the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity—or sudden aggression. the badgers’ eating patterns which had been disrupted to normal. it also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
31. why did the wild life experts visit the kalahari desert?
a. to find where honey badgers live.
b. to catch some honey badgers for food.
c. to observe how honey badgers behave.
d. to find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
32. what does kitso khama say about honey badgers?
a. they are always looking for food.
b. they do not enjoy human company.
c. they show interest in things they are not familiar with.
d. it is common for them to attack people.
33. what did the team find out about honey badgers?
a. there were some creatures they did not eat.
b. they were afraid of poisonous creatures.
c. female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
d. they may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
34. which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
a. they don’t run very quickly.
b. they defend their territory from other badgers.
c. they hunt over a very large area.
d. they are more aggressive than females.
35. what happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
a. they became less aggressive towards other creatures.
b. they lost interest in people.
c. they started eating more.
d. other animals started working with them.
第二篇
"lucky" lord lucan—alive or dead
on 8th november 1974 lord lucan，a british aristocrat, vanished. the day before, his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. to this day the british public are still interested in the murder case because lucan has never been found. now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new dna techniques will help solve this murder mystery.
people suspected that "lucky", as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. they say that lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. his estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that lucan had killed the nanny.
what happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories：he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. it appears that the night after the murder, "lucky" borrowed a car and drove it. lucan's friend aspinall said in an interview that he thought lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the english channel.
another version of events says that "lucky" left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to france. he was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. however, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so lucan was killed.
a further fascinating theory was made in the book dead lucky by duncan maclaughlin, a former detective. he believes that lucan travelled to goa, india, where he assumed the identity of a mr. barry haplin. lucan then lived in goa till his death in 1996. in the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. the man who died in 1996 was really haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. so what is the truth about "lucky"? dna testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.
36. the public are still interested in the investigation because ____.
a. of the terrible murder
b. of the use of new dna techniques
c. lord lucan has never been found(the murderer has not been caught)
d. lord lucan was famous
37. it is thought that lucan killed the nanny because ____.
a. she was looking after the children
b. she was a friend of lucan's
c. it was dark and he thought she was lady lucan(she was mistaken for his wife)
d. lord lucan thought the nanny stole his car
38. aspinall thought lucan killed himself by ____.
a. jumping into water
b. jumping out of his house
c. sailing his boat
d. sinking his boat
39. lucan could have been killed because people ____.
a. didn't want the police to catch him
b. thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught(has escaped but was killed later)
c. were unhappy with him
d. thought he was rich
40. the word “assumed” in paragraph 5 means
----took on
(教材题目)ex-detective maclaughlin claimed that mr. barry haplin ____.
a. was an old schoolteacher
b. died in goa, india
c. was really lord lucan in disguise
d. was a merchant
第三篇
operation migration
41. whooping cranes migrate in winter to
a. find warmth and food
b. raise baby whooping cranes
c. get human help
d. lay eggs
42. whooping cranes are native to
a. north america
b. mexico
c. south america
d. the persian gulf
43. operation migration aims to
a. teach adult cranes how to fly
b. breed cranes in special parks
c. lead young cranes on their first trip south
d. transport cranes to the north
44. the distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trip south is
a.120 miles
b.1931 miles
c.1200 miles
d.2000 miles
45. if operation migration is successful, whooping cranes will
a. learn to migrate on their own
b. follow airplanes south every year
c. live in canada all year round
d. be unable to fly back
第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)：下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容讲其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
the tough grass that sweetens our lives
sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in new guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. ______(46)
sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery(糖果点心) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger de more profitable. ______(47) many crops withered(枯萎) and died, despite growers attempts to save them and there were fears that the health of the plant would continues to deteriorate.
in the 1960s, scientists working in barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. they experimented with breeding programs, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. ______(48) this sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
_______(49) brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under professor paulo arrudo of the universidade estaudual de campinas in sao paulo. teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane. ______(50) this gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in india, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. scientist believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
a. the majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
b. unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
c. eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
d. since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s genetic code.
e. one major gene has been identified by dr angelique d’ hont and her team in montpelier, france.
f. sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
参考答案：a、 b 、c 、d 、e
第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
teaching and learning
many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. if a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the 1____(information)____ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. the 2____(ideal)____ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of 3____(learning)____ , not the one interested only in getting high grades. sometimes homework is returned 4____(with)____ brief written comments but without a grade. even if a grade is not given, the student is 5____(responsible)____ for learning the material assigned. when research is 6(assigned) , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 7____(minimum) ____guidance. it is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. professors do not have the time to explain 8____(how)____ a university library works; they expect students 9____(particularly)____ graduate students to exhaust the reference 10____(sources)____ in the library. professors will help students who need it, but 11____(prefer____) that their students should not be 12(too) dependent on them. in the united states professors have many other duties 13____(besides)____ teaching, such as administrative or research work. therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is 14____(limited) ____. if a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 15____(approach) ____a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
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