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2015年职称英语考试（卫生类B）考前押题试卷（第三套）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最 为接近的选项。
1.It is no use debating the relative merits Of this policy.
A.making
B.taking
C.expecting
D.discussing
2.The doctor has abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.
A.left
B.given up
C.turned down
D.refused
3.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regul—at—e or enlarge an old one.
A.control
B.limit
C.replace
D.offset
4.Have you talked to her lately?
A.lastly
B.shortly
C.recently
D.immediately
5.During the Second World War，all important resources in the US were allocated by the Federal government.
A.nationalized
B.commandeered
C.taxed
D.distributed
6.The steadily rising cost of labor has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A.suddenly
B.gradually
C.excessively
D.exceptionally
7.We have a responsibility to ensure our nation’s continued prosperity and the most sensible way to do this is by investment in basic scientific research.
A.effective
B.efficient
C.significant
D.reasonable
8.The police tried in Vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.
A.unskillfully
B.violently
C.ineffectively
D.eventually
9.Thus the most logical approach is to focus our analysis on the trade relations of spain with other European countries.
A.reasoning
B.conclusion
C.position
D.method
10.The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and varietv of bacteria.
A.unavoidable
B.unchangeable
C.unbelievable
D.unpredictable
11.He noticed that Joan was studying him closely，but her expression gave awav nothing of what she was thinking.
A.revealed
B.disposed
C.reminded
D.distributed
12.You can easily find out the benefits of flexible working for both you and your employer.
A.loose
B.effective
C.elastic
D.resourceful
13.The g rowth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take —advant—age of job opportunities.
A.make use of
B.catch up with
C.cast light on
D.get rid of
14.Most people would agree that，although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge，there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.
A.improves
B.precedes
C.imposes
D.exceeds
15.Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential.
A.offensive
B.depressive
C.troublesome
D.tiresome
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Sleep Problems
Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest.It’s a huge quality—of-life problem，expels say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.
“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging，”said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.”
Yet，in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation”，meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr.Julie Gammck，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Gedatric Medicine at St.Louis University.
They also seem to get less“REM”sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs.Bloom added. It’S unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’S quality of life，Bloom said.“What is important，though，is that older people omen have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said. And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause.
“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses， including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V.Vitiell0，a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’S Northwest Geriatric Educafion Center.
Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，Can also lead to fatigue a “hypersomnia”，or being tired all the time，Bloom added. Another big problem，he noted，is depression and anxiety.“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”
Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need.As a result，problems like insomnia(失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated，Bloom said.
16.Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.It is true that older people need Iess sleep than younger people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not Mentioned
20.“Sleep fragmentation”refers to a marked lack of“REM”sleep.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段 落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 一个最佳选项。
The Drink Your Body Needs Most
1.Our bodies are estimated to be about 60%to 70%water.Blood is mostly water.and our muscles，lungs，and brain all contain a lot of water.Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋养物)to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells，removes waste，and protects our joints and organs.
2.We lose water through urination(排尿)，respiration(呼吸)，and by sweating.If you are very active，you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise.Symptoms of mild dehydration(脱水)include chronic pains in joints and muscles，lower back pain. headaches，and constipafion(便秘).A strong smell to your urine，along with a yellow color indicates that you are not geaing enough water.Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact，you need water long before you feel thirsty.
3.A good rule of thumb(好的做法)is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half.That gives you the number of ounces(盎司)of water per day that you need.For example，if you weigh 160 pounds，you should drink at least 80 0unces of water per day.If you exercise you should drink another 8 0unce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active.If you drillk coffee or alcoh01.you should add at least an equal amount of water.When you are traveling on an airplane，it is，good to have 8 0unces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.
4.It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day.Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working，traveling，or exercising. If you get bored with plain water，ada a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor.There are some brands of flavored water available，but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don’t need.
23.Paragraph 1______.
24.Paragraph 2______.
25.Paragraph 3______.
26.Parag raph 4______.
A.Ounces of Water Needed Per Day
B.I mportance of Water
C.Composition of Water
D.Signs of Dehydration
E.Supply of Water
F.Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for Water
27.One cannot lire______.
28.Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water______.
29.The amount of water your body needs per day is related_______.
30.Don’t forget to drink enough water even_______.
A.in your body
B.without Water
C.before long
D.for a change
E.on a busy day
F.to your weight
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
Happiness
Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy，with the UK government exploring a“happiness index”.It’s tough，though，to define exactly what happiness is，and what makes US happy.
There are two broad ways of looking at happiness：short—term happiness(a great cookie，a boodle of wine)and long-term happiness(financial security，acachieving your goals).Both types of happiness are valid，and important.The problem is，they’re ohen in competition.
Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year.You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight.To achieve long—term happiness，you need to go on a diet.In the short—term，though，it’S not that easy.A chocolate cake，or a large glass of wine，might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day—or to celebrate with friends.It’S the same with lots of other goals.
If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long—term happiness at the expense of day—to—day pleasures，you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life.
I'm not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night，or that you stuff with cake.There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself.Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far—off future，though.There’S no point working a 60一hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary.
31.A proper title for the passage is“______”.
A.Happy Thereafter
B.Beyond Happiness
C.Happiness In，Happiness Out
D.Happy Now or in the Future?
32.Paragraph 2 is mainly about
A.what makes US happy
B.how to understand happiness
C.how we can be happier
D.what happiness can bring US
33.The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that_____.
A.both short-term happiness and long—term happiness are important
B.we tend to seek short—term happiness instead of long.term happiness
C.people prefer long—term happiness to short—term happiness
D.short—term happiness may contradict long—term happiness
34.The word“prioritize”(last paragraph)probably means“_____”.
A.treat something as more important than others
B.improve something’s value or quality
C.put extra emphasis on something
D.Iook for something that is difficult to find
35.The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short—term happiness for long-term happiness_____.
A.works well
B.can be justified
C.is not worthwhile
D.makes no difference
New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human SeⅣices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes(糖 尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases--the leading causes of death in the United States—and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including beRer diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today，7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness. disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I lllll convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and sgokes will cost the country more than$351 billion in 2003.
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier，longer lives，”he said.
The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people tO walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they Can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical(子宫颈的)cancer mammograms(乳房X线照片)for breast cancer，colonoscopies(结肠镜检查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening.me group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
36.Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A They account for 70%of all deaths.
B.They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C.They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D.They are largely preventable.
37. The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT______.
A.better diet
B.increased exercise
C.1ess smoking
D.more frequent hand washing
38.The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean______
A.greater responsibility of the government
B.1ess need for input into treatment
C.higher costs of health care
D.more lifestyle choices for people
39.The purpose of the$1 5 million program is to______.
A.promote disease prevention
B.build more highways
C.help poor communities
D.wipe out chronic diseases
40.Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly______.
A.the death rates for all chronic diseases
B.the kinds of cancer attacking people
C.the incidence rate for cancer
D. the death rate for cancer
Eat More，Weigh Less，Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston，US，and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命)of mice by l8 per cent by blocking the rodent’s(啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness———and hot necessarily diet——— promotes long life in“calorie(热量卡)restricted”animals.
“It’s very cool work.”says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California，San Francisco.“These mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer.It’s like heaven.”
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn’s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out，they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin(胰岛素)receptor(受体) gene in lab mice—but only in their fat cells.“Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat。 these animals were protected against becbming fat，”explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age， Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice， despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition，their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
41.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_____.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
42.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because______.
A.humans.worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
43.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven，but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
44.The average modified mouse lived______.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
45.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.it has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.In fact，many people who smoke get lung cancer However，Edward Gilson has lung cancer，and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife，Evelyn，who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.
___ (46)No one knows for sure why Mr.Gilson has lung cancer.Nevertheless，doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’S cigarettes. _____(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past.scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’S healtll.
___(48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies.As a matter of fact，almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times.whether we realize it or not.For example，we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants，hotels and other public places.Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas，smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.___(49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ____ (50)
A.Recently，though，scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke iS called secondhand smoke.
D.However，secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people，old or young.
E.As a result.they have passed Iaws which p rohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States.nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at Ieast one smoker
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Old And Active
It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A ___51___ report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the ___ 52___ in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work ___53___ exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy， and whether there is a lesson to be ___54___ from their lifestyles for the rest of US.Should we __55__any changes to our eating habits，for instance，or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret__56__in the Japanese diet that is particularly___57___ to the human body? Another factor___58___to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.
Although longer life should be celebrated，it is ___59___ considered a social problem.The number of older people had___60___in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__61__an economic problem，if there are so many old people to be looked___62___，and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
___63___the retirement age from ___65___ to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work Can give the elderly a___64___of responsibility and mission in life.It’s important that the elderly play active 65 in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
51.A.late
B.recent
C.contemporary
D.new
52.A.increase
B.progress
C.growth
D.improvement
53.A.for
B.out
C.in
D.off
54.A.learnt
B.gathered
C.understood
D.gained
55.A.do
B.make
C.set
D.give
56.A.ing redient
B.component
C.portion
D.helping
57.A.helpful
B.supportive
C.advantageous
D.beneficial
58.A.contributing
B.helping
C.resulting
D.causing
59.A.therefore
B.actually
C.even
D.however
60.A.reduced
B.added
C.doubled
D.multiplied
61.A.facing
B.meeting
C.adopting
D.encountering
62.A.for
B.after
C.over
D.out
63.A.Puttifig
B.Moving
C.Rising
D.Raising
64.A.sense
B.sentiment
C.feeling
D.characteristic
65.A.roles
B.posts
C.positions
D.parts
答案与解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.【答 案】D
【题 干】讨论这项政策的相关优势是没用的。
A.做
B.带走
C.期望
D.讨论
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词debate的意思是“争论，讨论”，与discuss意思 相同，故本题选D。
2.【答 案】B
【题 干】医生已经放弃了挽救那位老人的希望。
A.留下
B.放弃
C.拒绝
D.拒绝
【解 析】本题考查动词及动词短语。划线单词abandon的意思是“放弃，抛弃”， 与give up的意思相近，故本题选B。
3.【答 案】A
【题 干】据说该法案提供了新的行为准则，不仅仅是规范或者扩大老版本。
A.控制
B.限制
C.替换
D.重置
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词regulate的意思是“控制，调控”，与control的 意思相近，故本题答案为A。
4.【答 案】C
【题 干】你最近跟她说话了吗?
A.最后地
B.很快
C.近期
C.立刻
【解 析】本题考查副词。划线单词lately的意思是“近来，近期”，与recently含义 相同，故本题正确答案为C。
5.【答 案】D
【题 干】二战中，美国所有的重要资源都是由联邦政府分配。
A.国有化
D.命令
C.征税
D.发放，分配
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词allocate的意思是“分发”，与distribute含义相 近。正确答案为D。
6.【答 案】B
【题 干】稳定上升的劳动力成本增加了航运的成本。
A.突然地
B.逐渐地
C.过度地
D.排外地【解 析】本题考查副词。划线单词steadily的意思是“稳定地”，与gradually意思相 近。故本题选B。
7.【答 案】D。
【题 干】我们有责任确保祖国的持续繁荣昌盛，而最明智的方式是投资于基础科学 的研究。
A.有效的
B.有效率的
C.有意义的
D.合理的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词sensible的意思是“合理的，理智的”，与 reasonable意思相同。故本题答案为D。要注意effective与efficient的 区别。
8.【答 案】C
【题 干】警察尽力想驱散政府大楼前示威的人群，但一切都是徒劳地。
A.笨拙地，不熟练地
B.猛烈地，激烈地
C.无效地
D.最终
【解 析】本题考查词组。划线词组in vain的意思是“徒劳地，无用地”，与C选项 含义相同。
9.【答 案】D
【题 干】最符合逻辑的方法是把我们的分析集中在西班牙同其他欧洲国家的贸易关 系上。
A.推理
B.结论
C.位置
D.方法
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线单词approach的意思是“方法，途径”，与method含 义相同。故本题选D。
10.【答 案】C
【题 干】显微镜使科学家能够区分数量难以置信之大的和不同种类如此之多的细 菌。
A.不可避免的
B.不可改变的
C.难以置信的
D.不可预知的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词incredible的意思是“难以置信的”。故答案 为C。
11.【答 案】A
【题 干】他注意到Joan正在认真地观察他，但她的表情丝毫没有透露她心里在想 什么。
A.透漏，泄漏，揭示
B.处置
C.提醒
D.分配，分布
【解 析】本题考查动词词组。划线词组give away的意思是“暴露，泄漏”。故答 案为A。
12.【答 案】C
【题 干】你会很容易发现弹性工作制对你和你的老板带来的好处。
A.松散的
B.有效的
C.弹性的，可伸缩的
D.机智的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词flexible的意思是“灵活的”。故答案为c。
13.【答 案】A
【题 干】业余兼职以及灵活的工作模式的增大允许更多的妇女好好利用工作机会。
A.利用
B.赶上
C.阐明
D.除掉
【解 析】本题考查词组。划线词组take advantage of的意思是“利用，使用”，与 make use of意思相同，故本题答案为A。
14.【答 案】D
【题 干】虽然我们这代人在知识方面超过以往任何时代，但在智慧上却没有什么 突破，这一观点为大多数人所接受。
A.改善
B.先于
C.把……强加于
D.超过
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词surpass的意思是“胜过，优于，超过”。只有 exceed表示“超过”，故答案为D。
15.【答 案】C
【题 干】如今，许多学生在选择学校和职业时，会有一种意愿干扰他们的选择， 那就是：能否有好的收入。
A.冒犯的，进攻的
B.沮丧的
C.令人烦恼的
D.令人厌倦的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词disturbing的意思是“烦扰的”。故答案为C。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.【答 案】A
【题 干】睡眠问题能严重影响一个人的生活质量。
【解 析】从第一段第一、二句可以看出，睡眠问题是关于生活质量(quality-of- life)的问题。故本题干是正确的。
17.【答 案】B
【题 干】老年人比年轻人需要的睡眠更少。
【解 析】第一段最后一句说得很清楚：与大众认知相反的是，无论是老年人还是 年轻人，需要的睡眠量是一样的(the same amount)。故本题干有误，选 B。
18.【答 案】C
【题 干】美国年轻人很少抱怨有睡眠障碍。
【解 析】本文中没有提及美国年轻人对睡眠障碍是否有抱怨的事情。
19.【答 案】A
【题 干】有睡眠问题的美国老年人的数量不小。
【解 析】由于题干有关数字，第三段告诉我们：几乎有一半的美国老年人得不到自己需要的睡眠量。因此本题干是正确的。故选A。
20.【答 案】B
【题 干】“睡眠碎片化”指的是明显的缺乏“REM”睡眠。
【解 析】由术语回到原文定位，根据第四段的内容可知，“睡眠碎片化”指的是晚 上睡眠醒来的次数频繁，并非指的是缺乏“REM”睡眠，后者可能只是 “seem”的原因。因此本题选B。
21.【答 案】B
【题 干】老年人睡眠问题的原因还未被确定。
【解 析】用cause回到原文定位到倒数第四段，可知已经发现造成老年人睡眠问题 的多个原因。因此题干论述不对，故选B。
22.【答 案】C
【题 干】美国很快会采取行动来更好地帮助有睡眠问题的人。
【解 析】关于这一点，原文没有提及相关信息，故本题选C。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.【答 案】B
【题 干】第一段的主要内容是____。
【解 析】文章第一段没有明确的主题句，但通过细节可知，人体约有百分之六七 十是由水组成的，体温的调节离不开水，滋养物运行到各器官离不开水， 排除废物等也都离不开水。选项B“水的重要性”概括了本段的大意所 以为正确选项。
24.【答 案】D
【题 干】第二段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】文章第二段也没有特别明确的主题句，主要讲脱水的征兆，其中包括关 节与肌肉的慢性疼痛、腰痛、头痛、便秘、口渴等。选项D“脱水的征 兆”概括了本段的大意所以为正确选项。
25.【答 案】A
【题 干】第三段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】文章第三段主要讲人体每天所需的基本饮水量以及一些特殊情况下所需 的饮水量。选项A“每天需要的用水量”概括了本段的大意所以为正确 选项。
26.【答 案】A
【题 干】第四段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】文章第四段主要讲随身携带水瓶及时饮水的必要性。选项F概括了本段 的大意所以为正确选项。
27.【答 案】B
【题 干】人不能活——。
【解 析】利用题干关键词从文章的第一段“we cannot live without it”，意思为“我 们没有它就活不了”，这里的“它”指的是水，所以B“没有水”为正确 选项。
28.【答 案】A
【题 干】如果——缺水，脱水就会发生。
【解 析】利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第二段，可以得知人体缺水便可产生 脱水现象，所以A“在体内”为正确选项。
29.【答 案】F
【题 干】身体每天需要的水量与——有关。
【解 析】利用题干关键词water your body needs per day可以定位到文章第三段首 句，意为“一个比较好的做法就是用磅数来测量你的体重然后将其除以 2，这个数字就是你身体每天需要的水量，以盎司为单位”，由此可知人 体每天需饮水量与人的体重有密切关系，所以F“体重”为正确选项。
30.【答 案】E
【题 干】不要忘了喝足够的水，甚至——。
【解 析】利用题干关键词drink enough water可以定位到文章的第四段首句，意为 “可能在忙碌的时候保证喝足够的水是困难的，但是要确保手边总是有 水”，由此可知E“忙的时候”为正确选项。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.【答 案】A
【题 干】本文合适的题目为——。
A.从此以后快乐
B.超越快乐
C.快乐地来，快乐地走
D.现在快乐还是以后快乐
【解 析】主旨题。本文主题是：什么是快乐?我们如何让自己快乐?因此， “Happy Thereafter”(从此以后快乐)能包含本文主旨。其他都不合适。 A为正确答案。
32.【答 案】B
【题 干】第二段的主要内容是——。
A.什么使得我们开心
B.我们如何理解快乐
C.我们如何能更快乐
D.快乐能带给我们什么
【解 析】主旨题。第二段的主题句为首句：有两种广义的看待快乐的方式。即我
们如何理解快乐的问题。因此，B为正确答案。
33.【答 案】B
【题 干】第三段的例子是为了强调——。
A.短期和长期的快乐都很重要
B.我们往往去追寻短时快乐而不是长期快乐
C.人们更喜欢长期的快乐
D.短期快乐与长期快乐或许是有矛盾的
【解 析】例证题。第三段的例子通过转折词though体现出转折和对比的语义关系， 即长期的快乐(减肥)与短期的快乐(每天的加餐)是相悖的。因此， D为正确答案;两者相互之间可能是矛盾的。
34.【答 案】A
【题 干】最后一段中的“priorifize”的意思是——。
A.将某些事情作为更重要的事情来对待
B.提高某些事情的价值或质量
C.过于关注某些事情
D.寻找很难找到的事情
【解 析】词汇题。最后一段首句大意是：如果有意以牺牲每天的快乐来—— 长期快乐，你就应该开始尝试寻找让自己的生活有些小快乐的方式。因 此，“prioritize”是牺牲的反义词，有“重视”的含义，即将其置于优先 的位置考虑。A为正确选项。
35.【答 案】B
【题 干】最后一段作者认为为了长期快乐牺牲短期快乐——。
A.效果好
B.有道理
C.不值得
D.没区别
【解 析】推理题。作者认为有很多形式使自己快乐，并且也建议人们寻找其他方 式来让自己快乐。由此推理可知，作者对“牺牲小乐保长乐”是持支持 态度的。故B为正确答案。
36. 【答 案】C
【题 干】在美国，下列哪项关于慢性疾病的信息是不正确的?
A.它们占所有死亡人数的70%。
B.它们占用了大部分的医疗费用。
C.它们往往导致不健康的生活方式。
D.它们在很大程度上是可以预防的。
【解 析】细节题。本题利用题干不好定位，可改为定位选项。利用选项关键词可 以定位到文章的第二段、第四段并可知，不健康的生活方式会导致慢性病的发生，而不是慢性疾病导致不健康的生活方式，所以答案为C。
37.【答 案】D
【题 干】作者提到了以下所有疾病的预防方式，除了——。
A.更好的饮食
B.增加运动
C.少吸烟
D.更频繁的洗手
【解 析】细节题。利用题干关键词prevent可以定位到第二段“…that people carl prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise”，可知可以通过好 的饮食和增加运动进行预防。再通过定位选项可以定位到文章第四段 “The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”，意为“起因往往是经常行为——吸烟、不良饮食习惯和缺乏 锻炼”，可知少抽烟也可以预防，所以答案为D。
38.【答 案】B
【题 干】文章表明，疾病预防方面花更多的钱将意味着——。
A.政府更大的责任
B.疾病治疗投入的更少需求
C.医疗保健的更高成本
D.人们对生活方式有更多的选择
【解 析】细节题。利用题干关键词spending money on disease prevention定位到文章 中不难看出，在疾病预防方面多投入将意味着治疗疾病的投入需求相应 可以减少，所以选项B为正确答案。
39.【答 案】A
【题 干】这15亿美元项目的目的是——。
A.促进疾病的预防
B.兴建更多的公路
C.帮助贫困社区
D.消灭慢性疾病
【解 析】细节题。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第九段“The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as buildlng sidewalks to encourage people to walk mole.”，意为 “这项15亿元的项目被设计为走进社区以促进预防的模式。它推动了好 多如修建人行道，鼓励人们多走路等变化”由此可知，这笔钱的主要用 途是疾病预防，所以选项A为正确答案。
40.【答 案】D
【题 干】早期癌症普查能够显著降低——。
A.所有慢性疾病的死亡率
B.癌症对人类的攻击
C.癌症的发病率
D.癌症的死亡率
【解 析】细节题。根据题干关键词early screening定位原文最后一段“Ⅱsuch cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”，意为“如果癌症能够 在早期进行普查，那么估计癌症的存活率将上升到95%。”也就是说降 低癌症的死亡率，所以选项D为正确答案。
41.【答 案】C
【题 干】Ronald Kahn和他的同事通过——让老鼠活得更长。
A.给它们较少的食物
B.给它们平衡的饮食
C.打乱它们脂肪细胞中的某些基因
D.阻止它们长大
【解 析】细节题。利用题干关键词Ronald Kahn和live longer可定位到第二段 “Ronald Kahn and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan of mice by 18 percent by blocking the rodent’s(啮齿动物)increase of fat in specific cells”，即“Ronald Kahn和他的同事能延长老鼠的寿命达l8%， 通过阻止特定细胞中脂肪的增长”，故C为正确答案。
42.【答 案】B
【题 干】根据短文，我们不知道人们是否将受益于吸收较少的热量(卡路里)，因 为——。
A.人类、虫子和啮齿类动物是不一样的
B.多数人不愿意接受这样严格的饮食
C.影响还未可知
D.组织中基因的改变不能在人类身体上进行
【解 析】细节题。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段“Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet”，即“是否这也对人起作用还未可知，部分地因为几乎 没有人愿意接受这样严格的饮食”，所以B为正确答案。
43.【答 案】A
【题 干】第三段的最后一句隐含了什么?
A.人们喜欢减肥，但不喜欢少吃。
B.人们想去天堂，但是不愿意死。
C.老鼠如果减肥就可以进天堂。
D.老鼠喜欢减肥。
【解 析】推断题。第三段的最后一个句子是“these mice eat all they want.10se weight and live longer.It’S like heaven.”，即“这些老鼠可以敞开吃.不 会发胖，还能长寿。这就像进入天堂一样。”这实际上是道出了人的心 声，由此答案为A。
44.【答 案】D
【题 干】那些基因改进过的老鼠活了——。
A.3年
B.753天
C.3年多
D.887天
【解 析】细节题。利用题目关键词safety和manufacturing company等可以定位到倒 数第二段“The average control mouse lived 753 days.while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days”，即“在普通监控下的老鼠活了753天， 而那些瘦的平均寿命则达到887天”，所以正确答案为D。
45.【答 案】A
【题 干】从短文关于长寿的方法可以推断出什么?
A.仍有待研究。
B.已经被发现。
C.多吃会长寿。
D.少吃会长寿。
【解 析】推断题。从文章的最后两段我们可以感到对Kahn的试验，同行中是有不 同意见的，至少到目前为止还不能说已经找到了延长寿命的方法,由此 推断答案为A。
第5部分：补全短文
46.【答 案】B
【解 析】前一句主要讲的是Gilson与妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自打他们 结婚以来一直是差不多每天一包烟。接下来显然应选表示他们结婚年限 的句子。故B选项(Gilson夫妇结婚35年了)是正确答案。
47.【答 案】C
【解 析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首选对 此烟加以定义的句子。C选项(这种烟叫做二手烟)是正确答案。
48.【答 案】A
【解 析】前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法，接下来应选表示他们改变 观点的句子，因为下一句表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。因此 A选项(然而近年来科学家们在对大批量非烟民进行研究后，改变了他 们的看法)是正确答案。
49.【答 案】F
【解 析】前一句提到了儿童与二手烟的问题。接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关。 F选项(在美国，9百万有5岁以下的儿童生活的家庭，至少有一个烟 民)是正确答案。
50.【答 案】E
【解 析】前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害性，因此接下来应首选表示 人们采取措施，禁止公共场所吸烟的句子。E选项(结果是，他们通过 了一个法律，在美国的多个公共场所禁烟)是正确答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答 案】
【题 干】——的调查显示，日本人的人均寿命是世界最长的。
A.迟到的
B.近来的
C.当代的
D.新的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。根据上下文，可以判断出此处应该是“近期的”或 “最新的”，late通常不用来表示最近，latest倒是可以表示“最新的”， 所以只有recent最合适。
52.【答 案】D
【题 干】健康长寿是社会环境——的结果。
A.增加
B.进步
C.成长
D.改善
【解 析】本题考词词义辨析。根据上下文，此处所填的一个名词是作为social envi. ronment的一个补充，用来表示社会环境的某种变化，社会环境本身不会 增长或进步，只能是“改善”，所以最合适的说法是the improvement in social environment。
53.【答 案】B
【题 干】科学家一直想找 使得Et本老年人如此健康的原因……
A.为了
B.出来
C.在……里面
D.离开，远离
【解 析】本题考查词组。这里考查的是work与介词搭配的用法，根据上下文意 思，可以判断此处是要表达“找出答案，解决问题”的意思。而workfor 是“为……工作”，work in表示“在……工作”，work off则是“排除， 清理”的意思，因此正确的答案应该是work out。
54.【答 案】A
【题 干】……他们的生活方式是否能被——。
A.学习
B.收集
C.理解
D.获得
【解 析】本题考查动词。首先，从搭配的层次来看，understand和gain通常都不与 from搭配，所以只剩下learnt与gathered，这里结合上下文的意思，应该 是从日本人的生活习惯中学到什么，所以learn from最合适。
55.【答 案】B。
【题 干】我们是否应该——饮食的习惯……
A.做
B.形成
C.设置
D.给
【解 析】本题考查固定搭配。这里要表达的是做出改变，make change是固定搭 配，所以应该选择B。
56.【答 案】A
【题 干】日本饮食里是否有些秘密——对人体特别——?
A.成分
B.组成部分
C.部分
D.帮助
【解 析】本题考查词义辨析。根据句子结构来看，这里缺少的是一个名词，所以 首先排除D。再看A、B、C三个选项，这三个词都可以表示“部分，要 素，成分”的意思，但是ingredient通常用来表示原料，成分，
component通常表示文章，学术观点或者电子产品中的部分或组件，而 portion更多的是表示数量上的一部分，此处是饮食，食物中的原料，成 分，因此最佳答案应该是ingredient。
57.【答 案】D
【题 干】日本饮食里是否有些秘密成分对人体特别——?
A.有帮助
B.支持的
C.有优势的
D.有益的
【解 析】本题考查词义辨析。根据上下文可以判断，此处需要的是“有利的，有 益的”。从词义来看，除supportive外，其余三个选项都可，但是helpful 相对要弱一些，beneficial侧重对健康、身心或事业有益。advantageous多 指能直接导致相对优势或有助于达到目的的事。结合此处的语境，应选 择beneficial，对人体有益。
58.【答 案】A
【题 干】另一个——日本人口迅速老龄化的因素是出生率的降低。
A.贡献
B.帮助
C.结果
D.造成
【解 析】本题看似考查单词辨析，实际考查固定搭配。这是一个动名词与to搭配 的结构，用来表达“引起，导致，促成”这样的意思，从语义与搭配两 个层面来考虑，首先排除help。cause如与to搭配，通常是cause s
B.to do st}1.或者sth.cause damage to sth.，result常与in/from搭配，result in 表示“导致，引起”，所以最佳选择是contribute to，“促成，为……出 力，造成”。
59.【答 案】B
【题 干】尽管长寿应该得到庆祝，但这——是值得考虑的社会问题。
A.因此
B.实际上
C.甚至
D.然而
【解 析】本题考查逻辑关系。这里前半句由although引导的条件状语从句，已经体 现了转折关系，因此排除therefore与however，而根据前后的语义与语 境，并无递进或进一步加深的关系，因此也不用even，所以最佳答案为 actually。
60.【答 案】C
【题 干】老年人的数量在上半个世纪——。
A.减少
B.增加
C.翻倍
D.繁殖，成倍
【解 析】本题考查语义。根据上下文可以判断，这里的老年人口肯定是增长的。 所以首先排除reduce，add通常做及物用法，此处也不合适，而multiply 有相乘，繁殖的意思，放在此处也不合适，结合日本的实际，此处最佳 答案应该为double，老年人口数目翻倍。
61.【答 案】A
【题 干】这个国家很快就会——经济问题。
A.面临
B.碰上
C.采取
D.遭遇
【解 析】本题考查惯用搭配。即将面临经济危机，face a problem为固定搭配，通 常表达面对、面临什么问题。
62.【答 案】B
【题 干】……同时，更少的年轻人来——他们。
A.为了
B.在……之后
C.超过
D.……外
【解 析】本题考查词组。这里考察的是look和一些介词搭配的意义。根据上下文 意思，此处应该是“照顾，照料”，所以是look after。look for是“寻 找”，look over“检查，从……上边看”，look out“小心，注意”。
63.【答 案】D
【题 干】退休年龄从65岁——到70岁这样的一个调整或许是个解决方案。
A.放
B.移动
C.提升
D.提高
【解 析】本题考查词义辨析。这里表达的是“上调”的意思，只有rise与raise能 表达上升的意思，而rise通常做不及物用法，所以用raise，表示人为地 上调。
64.【答 案】A
【题 干】工作可以带给老人一些责任和使命——。
A.感觉
B.情绪
C.感受
D.特色
【解 析】本题考查名词辨析。此处是指工作可以带给老人的一些体验，characteris— tic首先可以排除掉，sentiment和feeling都能表示情感和情绪，sense表 示感觉，且sense通常和responsibilify这类的词搭配，比如sense of humor，幽默感，这里需要的是责任感与使命感，所以sense更好。
65.【答 案】A
【题 干】老年人在社会中扮演着 ——。
A.角色
B.职位
C.位置
D.部分
【解 析】本题考查词义固定搭配。老年人在社会中扮演的角色，通常我们都用play roles in这一固定搭配。
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