2015年职称英语考试（卫生类B）考前押题试卷（第二套）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision. A.evaluate
B.comment
C.discuss
D.report
2.You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A.strange
B.terrible
C.unusual
D.unfair
3.As the headmaster made a long speech，the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.A.quickened
B.enlarged
C.enriched
D.lengthened
4.When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person，he will think twice about it.A.passive
B.lifelong
C.unhappy
D.fatal
5.Because of adverse weather conditions，The travelers stopped to camp.A.local
B.unfamiliar
C.good
D.unfavorable
6.There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.A.tolerate
B.contribute
C.resist
D.prohibit
7.Her behavior is extremely childish.A.simple
B.immature
C.beautiful
D.pretty
8.Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.A.complaint
B.consideration
C.delay
D.anxiety
9.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with thei rcreativity.A.freedom
B.assistance
C.clues
D.funds
10.He is charming;nevertheless，I don’t quite trust him.A.however
B.therefore
C.despite
D.afterwards
11.Hund reds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A.shaken
B.damaged
C.fallen
D.iumped
1 2.Academic records cannot be duplicated.A.borrowed
B.purchased
C.rewritten
D.copied
13.We have ample money for the iourney.A.some
B.Iittle
C.extra
D.enough
14.The failure is not horrible because it helps to accumulate useful experiences.A.increase
B.spread
C.collect
D.grow
15.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.invented
B.explained
C.considered
D.accepted
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Workers’Role in Management
Traditionally，it has been the workers’role to work and management’s role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm’s operations with little thought to consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers’opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most，companies have provided“suggestion boxes”in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years，however，many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor...——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore， major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is particularly true of plant closings，which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers，then，play a stronger ro]e in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least，the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank—and—file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between l980 and l985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs，often with no warning.At least 90 days’notice ought to be given in such instances SO that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant，because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision makings.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm’s board of directors or other major policy making groups.If rank—and—file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow，they will help to make improvements，their morale will rise，and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive，they must be given a share in the company’s profits.This can be done through employee stockownership plans，bonuses，or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally，when a plant can no longer operate at a profit， the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
16.Traditional workers showed no interest in management. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers’ role in management with two major reasons. A.Right
B.Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18.Since policy decisions are business secrets Of a firm.workers should not be informed of them. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.Before closing.a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.The wOrkers’participation in management might save a plant from closing down.A.Right
B.wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.One of the advantages 04 involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. A.Right
B.wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段 落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每含句子确定 一个最佳选项。
Facts about Stroke
1.Every 45 seconds.someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes，someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated l67，661 people in 2000 and is the nation’s third leading cause of death，ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious，long—term disability in the United States.
2.Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉) leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens，part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs，SO it starts to die.
3.The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function，that part of the body won’t work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain，for instance it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞)and the extent of brain tissue affected.
4.The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has，the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you caia’t control，such as increasing age，family health history，race， and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment Can be modified，with a healthcare provider’s help. Some of these include：high blood pressure，current smoking，heart disease，and high red blood cell count.
5.A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In，fact about 600，000 people have strokes every year.For many years，there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However， recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work，the person must get to a hospital immediately.
23.Parag raph 2________.
24.Parag raph 3________.
25.Parag raph 4________.
26.Paraqraph 5________.
A.Effects of a stroke
B.Annual cost of stroke in the US
C.Definition and description of a stroke
D.BreakthrOuahs in treatment
E.Risk factors of stroke
F.Warning signs of a stroke
27.When a stroke occurs，the arteries leading to and within the brain________.
28.A person’s vision is likely to be affected if a stroke________.
29.Some people can reduce thei r risk of stroke if they________.
30.New treatments are now available to people who________.
A.suffer frOm a stroke
B.wilI be affected
C.change their lifestyles
D.wilI take place
E.occurs at the back Of his/her brain
F.controls various body functions
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
Find Yourself Packing It on?
Blame Friends Obesity call spread from person to person，much like a virus，researchers are reporting today.When one person gains weight，close friends tend to gain weight，too. Their study，published in The New England Journal of Medicine，involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12，067 people who were been closely followed for 32 years，from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor，and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese.Did their friends also become obese?Did family members?Or neighbors? The answer，the researchers report，was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese.That increased a person's chances of becoming obese by 57 percent.There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however，and family members had less influence than friends.
It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away，the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.There，if one became obese. the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese.too. The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss，the investigators say.But since most people were gaining，not losing，over the 32 years，me result was，on average，that people grew fatter.
Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis，a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study，said one explanation was that friends affected each others’perception of fatness.When a close friend becomes obese，obesity may not look so bad.
“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you.”Dr.Christakis said.
The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.
Their analysis was unique，Dr.Christakis said，because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined all entire social network alonce，looking at how a person’s friend’s friends，or a spouse’s sibling’s friends.could have aIl influence on a person’s weight.
The effects，he said，“highlight the importance of a spreading process.a kind of social contagion，that spreads through the network.”of course，the investigators say.social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight.There is a strong genetic component at work，too.
Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights，spanning perhaps 30 0r so pounds for each person.But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom.As people have gotten fatter，it appears that many are edging tbward the top of their ranges.The question has been why.
If the new research is correct，it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic，making a few people gain weight.Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
31.Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?A.Their friends.
B.Their neighbors.
C.Their family members.
D.Their colleagues.
32.Which of the following statement about a friend’s influence is false according to the report?A.Friends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.
B.Even if the friend lives far away，the influence still remained.
C.People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.
D.The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.
33.According to Dr.Nicholas A，Christakis，what is the explanation for friends beina the greatest influence?A.Friends usually spend a lot of time together.
B.Friends share similar eating habits.
C.Friends are more important than family members.
D.Friends affected each others’feelings of fatness.
34.Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?A.Social contact.
B.Genetic information.
C.Life style.
D.Environmental influences.
35.In what way iS obesity contagious and epidemic? A.SociaI networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
B.1ndividuals have genetically determined ranges ot weights.
C.Obesity can easily spread from one lto another without any physical contact.
D.Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many lndividuals in an area or a population at the same time.
Natural Medicine
Since earliest days，humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. Thev were successful long before the time of modem medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny(发亮的)instruments.Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university—educated doctors.Nor do they have expensire hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.how?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious，even magical(有魔力的).Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical，however.
Through the centuries，tribal(部落的)medicine men experimented with plants.They found manv useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists磁lieve many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today’s’most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80%of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not jUSt because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.In developed areas，few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many widely—used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come，in one way or another，from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive.So scientists’interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concem.This is because the earth’s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
36.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were______.
A.much more successful than modern ones
B.successful in all cases
C.successful enough for humans to survive
D.of little help to humans
37.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.
B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
38.It is believed by scientists that traditional medicine_______.
A.can cure all kinds of diseases
B.are no longer useful for modern men
C.may cu re some of today’s most serious diseases
D.are too cheap to be useful
39.What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A.Plants.
B.Factory—produced chemicals.
C.Modern medicines.
D.Strange and wonderful equipment.
40.It can be seen from the passage that the earth’s supply of natural medicines _______.
A.may never be exhausted
B.is surp risingly big
C.may be dropping rapidly
D.is as rich as ever
Quafity Education
A quality education is the ultimate tlberator.It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It Can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason.the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 2015 7 The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task.If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises t0 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion. Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 0f the 88 countries at risk Can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher—performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，nstitutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance Can be highly effective.
41.In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can_____.
A.free countries from foreign rules
B.speed up social progress
C.give people freedom
D.liberate people from any exploitation
42.Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to_____by 2015.
A.get all the world’S children to complete primary school
B.enroll all the world’S children into primary school
C.give quality education to people of 88 countries
D.support those committed to transforming their education systems
43. countries are now at risk Of not achieving Education for AIl on the basis of completion rates.
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.88
44.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B.Improving the quality of education.
C.Using information technologies.
D.Building more primary schools.
45.As can be gathered from the last paragraph.foreign aid_____.
A.may not be highly effective
B.is provided only when some criteria are met
C.alone makes development possible
D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind
第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Read with Greater Speed
Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so，a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.
At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read，even when the students are good at other subjects.______(46) Researchers from Yale University，US，studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State.As part of the study，37 struggling readers received special tutoring.
Every day，instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes(音素).______(47) By the end of the school year，these children could read faster than before.They also made fewer mistakes，and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.
As part of their study，the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students’brains.______ (48)This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read.Tllis activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly.In lower level readers，this structure remains inactive.
A year later，the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring，and they continued to do well in reading tests______ (49) However，some researchers silll doubt the study.______ (50)A.Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters.
B.The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.
C.The biggest challenge for many of these kids”scientists say，is matching sounds with Ietters.
D.Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn’t show the same progress.
E.The pictures showed an increase，in activity in the back Of the brain on the Ieft side.
F.They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Skill Cancer
Melanoma(黑素瘤)，the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in (51) British women，the country’S leading cancer organization said Wednesday.Skin cancer has (52) cervical(子宫颈的)cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s，according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.
The trend is particularly (53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible(易患的)to melanoma.Rates of skin cancer are (54)highest in people over age 75.
But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be tlle (55) of a dangerous trend.Women in their 20s make (56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain，but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.
Based on current numbers Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth (57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024，and that cases will jump from about 90，000 cases a year to more than l5，500.
Cancer expegs (58)the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning saions.“Spending time on sun beds is just as (59) as staying out too long in the sun.”said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK.The organization is starting a SunSmart(60)to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.
“The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10 (61) stronger than the midday sun，”Cerny said.
In the United States，several states require parental approval (62) minors Can use tanning salons.Wisconsin bans people l6 and (63) from using tanning beds，and others ban children under l4.At least 29 states have regulations governing minors use of tanning salons.
In the UK，Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using tanning beds，though it hasn’t yet been implemented.There are no plans for (64) in the rest of the UK. The world Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.
Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be (65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.
51.A.young
B.married
C.middle—aged
D.elderly
52.A.overtaken
B.overseen
C.overlooked
D.overwhelmed
53.A.encouraging
B.misleading
C.worrying
D.booming
54.A.occasionally
B.hopefully
C.surprisingly
D.typically
55.A.line
B.point
C.turn
D.start
56.A.up
B.on
C.off
D.to
57.A.most
B.more
C.very
D.much
58.A.allocate
B.associate
C.contribute
D.attribute
59.A.ineffective
B.dangerous
C.exhausting
D.comfortable
60.A.execution
B.campaign
C.reaction
D.conquest
61.A.deg rees
B.ranks
C.times
D.steps
62.A.until
B.while
C.before
D.although
63.A.Iess
B.beneath
C.lower
D.under
64.A.debate
B.caution
C.1egislation
D.approval
65.A.avoided
B.diagnosed
C.predicted
D.treated
答案与解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.【答 案】A
【题 干】很难评估这个决策的重要性。
A.评估
B.评价
C.讨论
D.报告
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线动词assess的意思是“评估”，与evaluate，appraise 的意思相近，故本题选A。
2.【答 案】B
【题 干】你必须想法抹去对这些恐怖事件的记忆。
A.奇怪的
B.可怕的
C.不同寻常的
D.不公平的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词horribre的意思是“可怕的”，与terrible的意思相同，故本题答案为B。
3.【答 案】D
【题 干】由于校长的讲话很长，典礼延长了10分钟。
A.加速
B.扩大
C.使丰富
D.加长
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线单词prolon9的意思是“延长”，与lengthen的含义相近，故本题选D。
4.【答 案】D
【题 干】当某人知道如果他使用了致命的物体来抢劫或者伤害他人会被监禁时，他就会三思而后行。
A.被动的，消极的
B.一生的
C.不高兴的
D.致命的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词deadly可以做副词或者形容词，意思是“致命的”，与fatal含义相同，故本题选D。
5.【答 案】D
【题 干】由于恶劣的天气，旅行者们都驻足安营扎寨。
A.本土的
B.不熟悉的
C.好的
D.不利的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词adverse的意思是“不利的”，与D意思相近。
6.【答 案】A
【题 干】班里很多事情是老师不能忍受的。
A.忍受
B.贡献
C.抵制
D.禁止
【解 析】本题考查动词词组。划线词组put up with的意思是“忍受，忍耐”，与tolerate的意思相近，故本题答案A。
7.【答 案】B
【题 干】她的行为十分幼稚。
A.简单的
B.不成熟
C.漂亮的
D.漂亮的
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线单词childish的意思是“幼稚的”，与immature意思相近，故本题选B。
8.【答 案】C
【题 干】勇敢的人思维敏捷，行动绝不拖泥带水。
A.抱怨
B.考虑
C.延缓
D.焦虑
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线单词hesitation的意思是“犹豫”，与delay的意思相近。
9.【答 案】C
【题 干】一个好老板会在不干涉员工创造性的情况下给出暗示。
A.自由
B.帮助
C.线索
D.资金
【解 析】本题考查名词。划线单词hint的意思是“线索”，写clue意思相同，故选C。
10.【答 案】A
【题 干】他很有魅力，但是我不太信任他。
A.但是
B.因此
C.尽管
D.后来
【解 析】本题考查副词。划线单词nevertheless的意思是“但是”，表示转折的逻辑关系，与however的含义和用法相同，故本题选A。
11.【答 案】B
【题 干】几百座高楼大厦被地震摧毁。
A.摇动
B.损坏
C.落下
D.跳起来
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线词wreck意为“使遇难，破坏”，与damage意思相近，可知正确答案为B。
12.【答 案】D
【题 干】学术记录不可以被复制。
A.买
B.购买
C.重写
D.复印
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线词duplicate意为“复制”，与copy意思相近，故本题正确答案为D。
13.【答 案】D
【题 干】我们有足够的钱来旅游。
A.一些
B.几乎没有
C.额外
D.足够
【解 析】本题考查形容词。划线词ample意为“充足的，大量的”，与enough含义相近，所以正确答案为D。
14.【答 案】C
【题 干】失败并不可怕，因为它能积累有益的经验。
A.增加
B.传播
C.收集
D.成长
【解 析】本题考查动词。划线词accumulate意为“积累，堆积”，与collect意思相近，所以正确答案为C。
15.【答 案】B
【题 干】工会代表非常有效地解释了她的观点。
A.发明
B.解释
C.考虑
D.接受
【解 析】本题考查动词词组。划线词组put across的意思是“解释，陈述”，与explain意思相近，故本题选B。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.【答 案】C
【题 干】从传统意义上讲，工人对管理没有兴趣。
【解 析】由traditional回到原文定位到第一段，文章第一段说在传统上，工人的职责是干活，因而无法介入管理，但并没有说工人对管理不感兴趣。因此本题无从判断正误，C是正确答案。
17.【答 案】A
【题 干】近年来许多管理专家一直为两大原因来争论工人在管理中的角色。
【解 析】用in recent years回到原文定位，可知第一段说近年来一些企业管理专家指出应该让工人参与一些管理工作，一方面是因为这可以调动他们的积极性为工厂做贡献，另一方面是因为管理层做出的重大决定对工人及其
家人的生活会产生重大影响。因此本题题干意思与原文相符。
18.【答 案】B
【题 干】由于决策是一个公司的商业机密，因此工人不应该知情。
【解 析】由policy decision回到原文定位，第二段前两句说工人应当参与管理，至少应当告诉工人工厂的重大决策。故本题题干与原文内容不符，答案为B。
19.【答 案】B
【题 干】在工厂关闭之前，应当公告90天。
【解 析】通过数字回到原文定位，第二段倒数第四行说工厂在宣布破产关闭之前应当提前90天通知工人，以便让他们有时间做一些调整。 “90 days’ notice”的意思是“提前90天通知”，而不是“贴出告示，并保留90天”。故本题与原文不符。答案为B。
20.【答 案】A
【题 干】工人对管理的参与或许会挽救工厂，使之不会倒闭。
【解 析】本题属推理题。第二段末尾说如果让工人参与管理工作，当工厂出现危 机时工人可以献计献策以提高生产率，降低成本，而且他们还可能做出 一些让步或牺牲以使工厂渡过难关。由此可以推断，如果让工人参与管 理，他们有时会拯救一家工厂，故本题选A。
21.【答 案】C
【题 干】让员工参与管理的优势之一，在于改善劳资关系。
【解 析】文章最后一段列举了让工人参与管理的一系列好处，但并没有明确提到 可以改善劳资关系。故无从判断正误，本题答案为C。
22.【答 案】B
【题 干】对一个高效且富有创造力的工人，可以给予任何奖励，除了股份。
【解 析】最后一段倒数第四行说，作为一种鼓励机制，可以让工人分享一部分利 润，具体可以通过股票持有权方案、红利或者发效益奖的方式来奖励那 些工作出色的工人。很明显本题题干与原文不一致，故答案为B。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.【答 案】C
【题 干】第二段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】该段的主题句是首句，解释什么是stroke，(中风)，因此本题答案为c (中风的定义和描述)。
24.【答 案】A
【题 干】第三段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】该段主题句为首句，解释中风会带来什么样的后果和影响，故A选项 (中风的影响)是正确答案。
25.【答 案】E
【题 干】第四段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】该段主题句为首句，讲到造成中风的几个风险因素(factors)，故为E (中风的因素)是正确答案。
26.【答 案】D
【题 干】第五段的主要内容是——。
【解 析】该段没有明显的主题句，大意是“任何人任何时候都有可能中风”，并且 多年来没有治疗的希望。但是最近有了治疗方案的突破。故本题答案为 D(治疗方案的突破)。
27.【答 案】B
【题 干】当发生中风时，连接大脑的动脉和大脑里面的动脉——。
【解 析】通过“arteries”回到原文定位到第二段第二句，It affects the arteries(动 脉)leading to and within the brain与B选项是同义改写，故本题答案 为B。
28.【答 案】E
【题 干】一个人的视力可能会受到影响，如果中风——。
【解 析】从第三段最后一句可知，如果中风发生在脑的后部，人的视力会受到影 响，故本题答案为E。
29.【答 案】C
【题 干】一些人能减少中风的风险，如果他们——。
【解 析】第四段倒数第二句可知，有些因素是不能更改的，比如年龄的增长、家 庭病等，但是可以通过改变生活方式(lifestyle)来减少中风的风险，故 本题答案为C。
30.【答 案】A
【题 干】新的治疗方案对那些——的人是可用的。
【解 析】从最后一段可知，有新的治疗方案为患中风的人所用，故本题答案为A。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.【答 案】A
【题 干】对肥胖的人影响最大的因素是什么?
A.朋友
B.邻居
C.家庭成员
D.同事
【解 析】细节题。用最高级回到原文定位，可以在文章的第四段中找到。第四段 中提到，研究者发现，当周围朋友发胖时，人最容易发胖。而邻居体重 增加或减少则不会对人产生影响，甚至家庭成员的影响也不如朋友大。 至于同事，文章中并没有提到。故本题选A。
32.【答 案】C
【题 干】根据报道可知：关于朋友的影响的陈述中，哪一个是不正确的?
A.对肥胖的人来讲，朋友的影响比家庭成员更大。
B.即使朋友离得很远，影响仍然存在。
C.当人们有苗条的朋友时，不太可能发胖。
D.两个亲密的朋友间影响最大。
【解 析】细节题。这道题考查的是朋友如何对肥胖产生影响。A选项说的是“朋 友产生的影响大于家庭成员”，是正确的;B选项在第五段第一句话有所 提及;第五段第二句符合D选项的意思;C选项与原文表达的意思是相 反的，第六段第一句话就提到，朋友体重减轻也会产生同样的效果，故 本题正确答案为C。
33.【答 案】D
【题 干】根据Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis的看法，哪一个是对朋友影响最大的解 释?
A.朋友们经常花很多时间在一起。
B.朋友们拥有共同的饮食习惯。
C.朋友比家庭成员更重要。
D.朋友间相互影响对肥胖的认知。
【解 析】细节题。根据Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis回到原文定位到第七段和第八 段，陈述了Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis对于这种现象的解释：朋友之间对 于肥胖的感知是互相影响的。一个人的亲密好友很胖，那么他对于什么 是可接受体型的态度也会发生改变，肥胖在他看来也不会很令人不快。
34.【答 案】C
【题 干】哪一个变胖的因素没有在报道中被提到?
A.社会关系
B.基因信息
C.生活方式
D.环境影响
【解 析】细节题。本题只能用选项来定位。该题考查的是文中提到的导致人肥胖 的因素。第九段和第十段主要分析了社会关系对肥胖的影响，第十一段 和第十二段说的是遗传因素，同时也提到环境因素在遗传的基础上对人 的体重也起很重要的作用，至于C选项的生活方式，文中并没有提到。 故本题选C。
35.【答 案】A
【题 干】在什么意义上，肥胖是可传染的?
A.社交网络使得肥胖迅速扩展。
B.个体的体重范围是基因决定的。
C.肥胖很容易在没有身体接触的情况下传染开来。
D.在一个地区或者群体内，肥胖能通过影响和传染，在同一时间进行迅 速而广泛地传播。
【解 析】细节题。本题问的是为什么说肥胖具有传染性。A选项说的是因为社会 关系网的原因，肥胖传播得很快，这是文章的本意。而C、D两个选项都 是平常意义上的“传染”，指疾病可以通过接触而传染或能够在一个地区 或人群中迅速广泛地蔓延。B选项与题意无关。
36.【答 案】C
【题 干】本文暗示治疗伤害和疾病的古代药物是——。
A.比现代药物更成功
B.在所有病例下都很成功
C.很成功，可以让人类生存下去
D.对人类没什么帮助
【解 析】细节题。利用ancient treatments作为答案线索词，这样在第一段中找到直
接答案相关句(Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely)，意思是“古代对于身 体受伤和疾病的治疗一直都是很成功的，这些治疗方法足以让人类免于 完全灭亡”，故本题答案为C。
37.【答 案】B
【题 干】下列哪一个陈述是错的?
A.很多大型现代的医院很昂贵。
B.现代药品在全世界都能买到。
C.传统药物既不神秘也没有魔力。
D.人类自从早期开始就使用了某些药物。
【解 析】细节题。借助原文第三段第一句可知，“世界上许多地方仍然有没有经过 大学教育的医生。这些地方也没有昂贵的医院”，判断B错误。借助常识 和备选项中的用词(用了语义绝对的词)判断B(说法太绝对)是答案，故本题选B。
38.【答 案】C
【题 干】科学家们相信传统药物——。
A.能治疗百病
B.对现代人不再有用
C.能治愈一些现在最严重的病
D.太便宜，没什么用
【解 析】细节题。利用scientists作为答案线索词，这样找到直接答案相关句：And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today’S most serious diseases，大意为“科学家相信这些传统的医 药能为一些今天最严重的疾病提供治疗”，故本题答案为C。
39.【答 案】A
【题 干】现在世界上大多数人使用什么来保健?
A.植物。
B.工厂生产的化学物品。
C.现代药品。
D.奇怪并奇妙的设备。
【解 析】总结归纳题。围绕文章主题(文章标题namral medicine)直接选择答案， 故本题答案为A。
40.【答 案】C
【题 干】从文中可以推理得知，地球上天然药物的供给是——。
A.永远耗之不竭
B.惊人的多
C.会迅速减少
D.和以往一样丰富
【解 析】推理题。利用the earth’s supply of natural medicines作为答案线索词，这 样找到直接答案相关句：This is because the earth’s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly，大意是“这是因为地球上对天然草药 的供应可能会显著下降”，故本题答案为C。
41.【答 案】B
【题 干】第一段中，作者认为素质教育能够——。
A.将国家从外国统治中解放出来
B.加速社会发展
C.给人们自由
D.将人们从剥削中解放出来
【解 析】推断题，从第一段中我们看到leap forward和wealth and social unity等词， 因此可以推断“优质的教育能够加速社会的进步”。故答案为B。
42.【答 案】B
【题 干】在理想状态下，“全民教育”计划的目的是截止到2015——。
A.让世界所有的孩子都能完成初等教育
B.让所有孩子都能入学
C.在88个国家中实施素质教育
D.给予致力于改变教育体制的人支持
【解 析】细节题。用Education for All和2015回到原文定位，根据文章第二段中 “…getting all the world’S children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.”可看出，其目的是使全世界儿 童都能入学。故答案为B。
43.【答 案】D
【题 干】——国家现在有完不成“全民教育”目标的风险。
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.
88 【解 析】细节题。根据数字回到原文定位，根据文章第三段中“The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.”可以判断出有88个国家 在达到目标标准上有困难。故答案为D。
44.【答 案】D
【题 干】根据本文观点，下列哪一项正确的策略未提及?
A.提高教育体制的效率
B.提高教育质量
C.使用信息科技
D.建立更多小学
【解 析】细节题。根据出题顺序和right policy回到原文定位，第四段中提到了 efficiency，quality和information technologies，只有D项没有被提到。故 答案为D。
45.【答 案】A
【题 干】从最后一段可总结得知，外国援助——。
A.或许不会很有效
B.只有达到某些标准时才会被提供
C.自身就可以让发展变得可能
D.对那些落后很多的国家是最有效的
【解 析】细节题。最后一段认为“当一个国家的政策、制度、管理等方面做得很好后，国际社会的援助才会有效”，言外之意是国际社会的援助不一定非 常有效。故答案为A。B选项混淆性最大，外国援助是达到某些条件后才 会有效，而不是才会被提供，偷换了概念，故不是正确答案。
第5部分：补全短文
46.【答 案】C
【解 析】空格前提到小学生的学习trouble(问题)，空格处应该填入什么样的问题 才符合语义。故本题答案为C(科学家们说，这些孩子最大的挑战是如 何将发音和字母匹配起来)。
47.【答 案】B
【解 析】空格前讲到指导者每天都与孩子们一起学习拼写如何代表因素的组合， 空格处应该顺承语义讲到孩子们如何配合指导者，故B选项(学生也练 习拼写和大声朗读)是正确答案。
48.【答 案】E
【解 析】空格前讲到科学家们使用了一种特殊机器来记录学生们大脑的活动。空 格处应该填入记录的内容和显示的结果。E选项(图片显示了左脑后部 的活动增加)符合语义走向，故本题答案为E。
49.【答 案】D
【解 析】空格前讲到研究者使用了特殊的方法(special tutoring)来让学生学习课 程，那么空格后选择p选项(另一种进行传统教学方式的小组没有同样 的进步)是正确的.。go through的意思是“经历，经受”。
50.【答 案】F
【解 析】空格前讲到有的科学家仍然怀疑这个结果，空格处应该顺承他们对什么 样的方式认可，因此F选项(他们认为默读或者将词和音联系起来更为 有效)是正确答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答 案】A
【题 干】黑素瘤，最致命的一种皮肤癌黑色素瘤，在——英国妇女中是最为 常见的癌症。
A.年轻的
B.已婚的
C.中年的
D.年长的，年老的
【解 析】考查形容词。本题考查的是对句子含义的理解。由第一段的最后一句可 知，这项新发现是关于20多岁的年轻女子的，所以正确答案为A。
52.【答 案】A
【题 干】皮肤癌已经——宫颈癌，成为危害20多岁女性的最大癌症杀手。
A.赶上，超过
B.监管，监督
C.忽略，忽视
D.打击，压倒
【解 析】考查动词。四个选项分别代入，0vertake比较符合语境，所以正确答案 为A。
53.【答 案】C
【题 干】这一趋势特别——，因为年轻人并不是最容易患黑素瘤的人群。
A.使人鼓舞的
B.令人误解的，引入歧途的
C.令人担心的
D.繁荣的，迅速发展的
【解 析】考查形容词。四个选项分别代入，worrying比较符合语境，其他几个选项 不符合句意，所以正确答案为C。
54.【答 案】D
【题 干】皮肤癌的概率——在超过75岁的人群中最高。
A.偶然地
B.有希望地
C.令人惊讶地
D.通常地，典型地
【解 析】考查副词。根据上下文语境，前一句讲到年轻人患该病不同寻常，后一 句肯定要讲通常情况是如何的。四个选项分别代入，typically比较符合语 境，其他几个选项不符合句意，所以正确答案为D。
55.【答 案】D
【题 干】专家担心越来越多的年轻人被诊断患有皮肤癌也许是一个危险的趋势的 ——.
A.线，界线
B.观点，要点，点
C.轮流，转动
D.开始
【解 析】考查名词。根据上下文语境，四个选项分别代入，start比较符合语境， 所以正确答案为D。
56.【答 案】A
【题 干】20多岁的年轻妇女占了被诊断为黑素瘤患者很少的比例。
A.往上
B.在……上
C.远离，结束
D.向着
【解 析】考查固定搭配。四个选项分别代入后，make up是固定搭配，意为“占 ……的比重”;make on“在某方面获利”;make off“离开，逃走”; make to没有这种搭配，所以正确答案为A。
57.【答 案】A
【题 干】英国癌症研究会预测，到2024年黑素瘤将成为所有年龄段的男性和女性 中第四大癌症。
A.最多的
B.更多的
C.很，完全
D.很多的
【解 析】考查固定搭配。序数词跟形容词或副词最高级搭配，所以正确答案为A。
58.【答 案】D
【题 干】癌症专家将皮肤癌病例的激增——对晒黑美容沙龙偏爱人数的增多。
A.分配
B.联想，联合
C.贡献，捐助
D.把……归于
【解 析】考查短语搭配。短语attribute to的意思是“归因于”，所以答案为D。 allocate to(分配给……)，contribute to(贡献)，associate with(与……有联系)。
59.【答 案】B
【题 干】花时间躺在太阳床上跟在太阳底下待的时间太长一样是——。
A.无效的
B.危险的
C.筋疲力尽的
D.令人舒服的
【解 析】考查形容词。四个选项分别代入，只有选项dangerous最符合文意，所以 答案为B。
60.【答 案】B
【题 干】该研究会将开展“聪明的太阳——”来警告那些晒得太黑的英国人。
A.处死
B.运动，斗争
C.反应
D.击败，征服
【解 析】考查名词。四个选项分别代入，只有campaign与文意符合，所以正确答 案为B。
61.【答 案】C
【题 干】一些太阳床上紫外线的密度比正午太阳的紫外线密度的十倍还多。
A.程度，度数
B.等级，阶层
C.倍，次数
D.脚步，步骤
【解 析】考查名词。根据上下文语境，四个选琐代入后，表示倍数的只有times， 所以正确答案为C。
62.【答 案】C
【题 干】在美国，一些州要求未成年人使用晒黑沙龙——要得到家长批准。
A.直到……
B.当……时，然而
C.在……之前
D.即使
【解 析】考查介词。四个选项分别代入，before比较符合语境，所以正确答案为C。
63.【答 案】D
【题 干】威斯康星州禁止16岁及以下儿童使用晒黑床，其他州禁止14岁及以下的 儿童。
A.更少的，较少的
B.在……之下
C.低的，下层的
D.低于，在……内
【解 析】考查介词。表示16岁以下只能用under，所以正确答案为D。
64.【答 案】C
【题 干】在英国的其他地方没有——的计划。
A.辩论，讨论
B.警告，戒备
C.法律，法规
D.同意，批准
【解 析】考查名词。根据上下文语境，拿英国的情况同美国做比较，英国除了苏 格兰外，其他地方并没有相应的立法，所以正确答案为c。
65.【答 案】A
【题 干】如果人们在太阳下采取正确的防范措施或避免使用晒黑床，大部分致命 的皮肤癌可以——。
A.避免
B.诊断
C.预测
D.治疗
【解 析】考查动词。四个选项分别代入后，avoid比较符合语境，故正确答案为A。
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