2022年职称英语理工类b级考试真题
英语理工类b级考试真题，包含了许多大学英语理工类b级考试真题，非常实用，有利于学生考前的复习。这次小编给大家整理了2022年职称英语理工类b级考试真题，供大家阅读参考。
职称英语理工类b级考试真题1
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,”joe,joe,joe!”
A.jumped
B.repeated
C.maintained
D.approached
答案为:A
本题解析:A chant这个词的意思是“唱”，尤其是“反复、单调地唱或吟诵”。本句中说窗外的人群反复呼喊Joe的名字，所以这里可以用repeat替代chant
2、What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
A.confuses
B.shocks
C.influences
D.concerns
答案为:C
本题解析:C puzzle作动词用的意思是“感到不解、迷惑”，句子的意思是：令我不解的是为什么他的书如此受欢迎。动词confuse恰好和puzzle同义，而且用法也相同
3.The storm caused severe damage.
A.physical
B.accidental
C.environmental
D.serious
答案为:A
本题解析:A severe有“严厉的、严重的”多种意义。 severe damage是严重破坏，故可用serious代替。又如：severe criticism严厉批评、severe situation严峻的形势、severe winter严冬、severe loss严重损失、severe teacher严厉的老师
4.Our aim was to the health service, and we succeeded.
A.offer
B.modernize
C.provide
D.fund
案为:A
5.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A.slightly
B.partly
C.faintly
D.completely
答案为:C
本题解析:C utterly的意思是“完全”，和completely同义
6.A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A.watched
B.gathered
C.shouted
D.walked
答案为:D
本题解析:D assemble是“集结”的意思，gather是具有这一词义的最普通的一个词
7.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A . need
B.hate
C.love
D.pity
答案为:C
本题解析:C 在四个选项中和contempt(蔑视)意义最接近的是hate, pity的意思是“怜悯”。
8.All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A.color
B.arrangement
C.size
D.function
答案为:B
本题解析:B layout的意思是“布局、安排”，如：layout of the exhibition hall，layout of the shopping complex等。本句的意思是：大楼里所有的公寓布局都一样。arrangement可以指时间、日程的安排，也可以指空间的分割和安排。function的意思是“功能”
9.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A.hot
B.heavy
C.fresh
D.windy
答案为:A
本题解析:A crisp通常用于修饰食品.表示“脆的、新鲜而脆生的”，如：crisp crackers,crisp lettuce等。但它也可以用来描述天气，表示“清新、凉爽的”，在本句中它表示的就是这个意思，所以可以用fresh来代替
10.He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
A.allowed
B.called
C.advised
D.encouraged
答案为:B本题解析:B lnspire sb. to do sth.是“鼓励、激励某人做某事”的意思，这里inspire和encourage的词义和用法一样，故可以用encourage来代替。
11.I think 7 for a drink is a bit steep,don’t you?
A.tight
B.high
C.low
D.cheap
答案为:D
本题解析:D steep这个词最常用的意义是“陡峭的”，如：a steep slope陡峭的山坡，但在口语中它可以用来表示“(要求、价格)过高、难以接受”的意思
12.Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.
A.bring
B.keep
C.serve
D.digest
答案为:D
本题解析:D take in这个短语可以有多种解释，如“接纳、接受、留宿、收缩、改小”等。在本句中它的意义很明显是“吸收、消化”，故选digest
13.The city centre was wiped out by the bomb.
A.destoryed
B.covered
C.reduced
D.moved
答案为:C
本题解析：C wipe out是个短语，意思是“消灭、摧毁”，和动词destroy同义。又如：The whole town was wiped out by the landslide.滑坡摧毁了整个城镇
14.The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A.empty
B.big
C.long
D.new
答案为:D
本题解析:D hollow的意思是“空心的”，如：a hollow tree,a hollow pipe。这里可以用empty来替换。
15.Do we have to wear these name tags?
A.lists
B.labels
C.forms
D.codes
答案为:C
本题解析:C tag小标签，如：price tags价格标牌、luggage tags行李标签。在四个选项中label和它同义。form是“表格”，code是“码”，如bar code条形码
第2部分 阅读判断
Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes
In the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude(量)5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and scared many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.
Researchers at the US Geological Survey(USGS)estimate that several million earthquakes occur globally each year. That may sound scary, but people don't feel many of them because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude.
Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers(地震仪). These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations(震颤)produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20000 earthquakes each year.
Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth's tectonic plates(构造板块).
Thctonic plates are huge pieces of Earth's crust(外壳), sometimes many kilometers thick. Often, edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates push and scrape(擦)past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly--bout the same speed as your fingernails grow.
But sometimes earthquakes rumble(轰轰作响)through portions of the landscape far from a plate's edges. Although less expected, these "mid-plate" small earthquakes can be stantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.
16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Few earthquakes happen without people's awareness.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest"mid-plate" one in history.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
16 A 根据第一段倒数第二句：If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters.(如果你经常看电视的话，你会看到各种各样的关于自然灾害的`报道。)
17 A 根据第一段最后一句：But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.
18 B 本题的意思是：几乎所有的地震人们都有感知。根据第二段最后两句，我们得出：很多地震是人们感觉不到的。
19 C 本文根本没有提到中国。
20 A 根据第四段最后一句：8级或8级以上的大地震一般发生在地球构造板块的边缘。
21 B 根据第五段第三句：只有当地球的板块互相摩擦时，地震才会发生。本句的意思是： 只要地球的板块一挪动，地震就会发生。
22 C 根据本文倒数第二句：Some of the biggest known example...(一些已知的在美国东半部发生的地震是最大的例子)，但没有说明是历史上最大的地震。
第3部分 概括大意与完成句子
Learn about Noble Gases(惰性气体)
1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called hellum(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2 People once belleved that noble gases couldn't chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3 The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的)weight while Radon is the heaviest.
4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is "unfilled" or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体). These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person's brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to "see" the brain, without operating on the patient.
23. paragraph 2
24. paragraph 3
25. paragraph 4
26. paragraph 5
A. How were noble gases discovered?
B. what is the periodic table?
C. what are the applications of noble gases?
D. How were noble gases understood in the past?
E.What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?
F. What are noble gases?
27. Noble gases are not very chemically .
28. Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the .
29. The required number of electrons in noble gases'outer shell is .
30. MRI may make operating on the patient .
A. complete B. reactive C.unnecessary D. flammable E. important F. lightest
23 E 根据该段第一句话：People once believed that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all.
24 A 本段开头介绍了noble gases的相同点，紧接着作者又列出了noble gases包括的气体以及它们的特性。
25 C 该段第一句和最后一句中的chemical reaction和chemical reactivity点出了该选项。
26 F 该段开头...noble gases have many important applications是本段的主题句。
27 B 第二段第一句中的react可以用be reactive替换。
28 A 根据第三段最后一句：Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的)weight.
29 D 根据第四段第三句：...meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell.
30 F 根据本文最后一句：MRI allows the doctor to "see" the brain,without operating on the
第4部分 阅读理解
第一篇
Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A. A king. B . A president. C. A Buddhist priest. D. A general.
32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A. To make its population grow.
B. To keep its traditions and customs.
C. To keep it separate from the world.
D. To encourage its people to get rich.
33. A country shows its progress with GNP by
A. spending more money.
B. spending less money.
C. providing more jobs.
D. selling more products.
34. According to GNH, people are happier if they
A. have new technology.
B. can change their religion.
C. have a good, stable government.
D. have more money.
35. Today many countries are
A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
31 C 第一段里就提到一位名为King Jigyne Singye Wangchuck的新的统治者，很显然Wangchuck是一位国王。
32 D 第一段的结尾处讲到King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to heip Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions，可见这位国王决定要让不丹现代化，但又不失去自己的传统。
33 C 在第二段里可以找到对GNP一个十分简单化的解释：The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress，也就是说卖出的产品增加了，就说明这个国家在进步。
34 B 第三毁列举了衡量GNH的多个标准，其中包括人民享受医疗保险、受教育、有工作、生态环境健康并受到保护等。最后提到的一个标准便是人民有个好的、稳定的政府。
35 A 答案在第五段里下面这两个句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. "These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.
第二篇
Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics(仿生学)
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words "bionics" became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案)don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine (潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
36. "cats","monkeys" and "giraffes" mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate
A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.
B. humans can learn animals'skills.
C. they are skillful in different ways.
D. animals have skills that humans do not possess.
37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A. History books.
B. The Wright brothers'sculpture.
C. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
D. Leonardo da vinci's bird-like flying machines.
38. What happened after the Wright brothers'success?
A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.
C. People cound fly their airplane for fun.
D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.
39. Which of the following in true about the research carried out by the US Army?
A. It has changed our life.
B. It has cost a large sum of money.
C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.
D. It has not succeeded yet.
40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A. Many inventions get ideas from nature.
B. Some animals possess unique skills.
C. People should protect nature.
D. Bionics is far from perfect.
36 A 根据第一段第一句：...but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having.
37 D 根据第二段最后一句。A和B没有提到。C的叙述恰好与原文相反。
38 C 根据第三段最后两句：一个例子是对海鸥的研究，另一个例子是对梧桐树种子的研究。
39 B 最后一段第一句yet to be invented和最后一句中if we could achieve that都说明了该研究还没有成功。A和D显然不对，C则没有提及。
40 B A只涉及第一段;C根本没有提及;D只涉及最后一段。整篇文章都在论述人类从自然中所获灵感，进而产生了新发明
第三篇
"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan
Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn's moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini,which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.
Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.
They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs" consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.
"We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."
To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.
Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.
The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.
"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."
41 .What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?
A. Water-based life on it.
B. Methane-based life on its biggest moon.
C. A new moon moving around it.
D. Earthlike life on its biggest moon.
42. Which of the following statements about Titan is true?
A. It is as large as the Earth.
B. There is acetylene on its surface.
C. Water on it acts as a life supporting medium.
D. Hydrogen consumption is reported to be on it.
43. The expression "this form of life" in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Water-based life.
B. oxygen-based life.
C. Methane-based life.
D. Liquid-based microorganisms.
44. It can be inferred from Mark Allen's address that
A. Scientists are trying to confirm these is life on Titan.
B. Scientists agree that a chemical process is a convincing explanation.
C. Scientists share the opinion that a biological explanation is reasonable.
D. Scientists are arguing over whether there is life on Titan.
45. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?
A . A different Life Form, a Possibility.
B. Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.
C. Finding of One More Moon of Saturn's.
D. Titan, a New Satellite Discovered.
41 D 根据第一段最后一句：...data...which pointed to the existence of methane(甲烷) -based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.
42 C 第二、三、四段说明土星上的生命可能靠氢气生存。A根本没有提及，根据第六段最后一句可以看出B正好与事实相反;第五段最后两句指出水不是支撑生命的媒介，所以D是错误的。
43 C 根据上一段最后一句：...because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.这表明A是不对的。根据全文来看，B和D也与本文不符。
44 B 本文最后一段中...after all non-biological explanations are addressed，...a lot of work to do...可以看出，C和D肯定与Mark Allen的话相悖，A没有提到。
45 A 全文都在讨论一种可能性。不能肯定外星人就像地球人，因此B不对。C和D也与原文不符。
第5部分 补全短文
Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed in Youth Sports
Everywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition.
It's true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.
Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don't even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. (49)
The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friends-in short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. (50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sports - to give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.
A.But what about the others, the average kids?
B.The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C.A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children concentrate on one sport.
D.Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
E.Sports for children have two important purposes.
F.Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
46 D 注意这个空格前后的句子都是和小孩参加体育竞赛的低龄化有关的，所以这个空格里的句子很有可能还是讲孩子过小就参与到体育竞赛里去。果然，在六个选项中的D就是讲青年足球组织居然有由5岁大的孩子组成的球队。
47 F 前面一句话讲的是这些孩子中可能有部分人会发展成为优秀的运动员，甚至成为国家奥运队的成员，后面一句话在语义上很有可能出现转折，即大部分人却未必如此。选项F句子开头的but恰恰表明了这一期待中的转折。
48 A 空格后面的以but开头的句子提供了很好的启示。那句话说的是66%的小运动员希望参与多种运动项目，所以前面的那句话极有可能说的是和这一句相反的内容，果然，这些孩子父母的想法和他们不同，他们希望自己的孩子专攻一项运动。
49 C 前面讲的是小孩天生并没有竞争性，7罗以前他们都不懂什么是竞争，所以太小的孩子不会理解自己的爸爸妈妈为什么要对他们施加那么大的压力。
50 B 这一段的中心是过早参与到竞技运动中去会使孩子失去兴趣，空格前面的一句说的是在1 2岁前就参与竞技的孩子中有70%在18岁前放弃，接着说“他们中许多人对运动完全失去了兴趣( Many of them completely lose interest in sports)”就十分自然、合理。
第6部分 完形填空
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 51 development.She warns that many of the world's fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the 52 of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 53 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.
"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound 54 to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."
Cities are 55 sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 56 .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater 57 for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 58 paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more 59 in an urban environment.For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may 60 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 61 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.
Local governments, therefore ,should take measures to 62 their residents."Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 63 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, " They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning 64 . They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach." 65 , she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
51.A urban B industrial C economic D rural
52.A occasions B impacts C routines D connections
53.A reduce B increase C study D measure
54.A threats B interests C implications D differences
55.A major B repeatable C doubeful D useful
56.A signs B benefits C chances D planes
57.A cost B mornent C risk D speed
58.A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildly
59.A standard B meaningful C serious D friendly
60.A provide B lack C D improve
61.A with B without C in D on
62.A identify B educate C protect D evaluate
63.A less than B rather than C more than D better than
64.A needs B wastes C areas D resources
65.A Still B However C Moreover D Thus
解析
51、A 本句中的climate change和industrial development有关。
52、D 本句中应是changing climate带来的影响(impact)。
53、A 根据上下文，应是“减少二氧化碳的排放”。
54、B pose a threat to…是固定搭配，意为：给……带来威胁。
55、D 根据句意，所有选项中只有major和sources搭配合适。
56、A 根据上下文，政策干预会带来短期的和长期的效益( benefit)。
57、C place(put)...at risk是固定搭配，意为：把……置于风险之中
58、D heavily paved cities意思是被钢筋、水泥覆盖的城市。
59、B 根据上下文，impact应和serious措配。
60、A 根据本句开头poorer neighborhoods可以断定lack是唯一的选择。
61、B without access to reliable drinking water的意思是不能获得可靠的饮用水。
62、C 根据上下文，政府要保护居民。
63、D 用unfortunately表示转折，rhetoric和meaningful response并列，所以可以判断other than(而不是)为正确答案。
64、A 根据上下文，air conditioning只能和needs搭配。
65、C 上下句是因果关系，Thus(因此)是正确的。
职称英语理工类b级考试真题2
1、He ______ in the army for ten years, and he retired last year.
A) has served
B) had served
C) served
D) had been serving
2、I don t think this room will be big enough to ______ all the guests.
A) contain
B) hold
C) keep
D) swallow
3、An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, ______ in that city now.
A) is built
B) is being built
C) were built
D) are being built
4、Hospital doctors don t go out very often as the work takes ______ their time.
A) away
B) over
C) in
D) up
5、The teacher doesnt permit ______ in class.
A) smoke
B) smokes
C) to have a smoke
D) smoking
二、填空题：
6、What a (self) ______ girl you are; let the other children share your toys.
7、A few simple (modify) ______ to this work would greatly improve it.
8、I ve been reading a mystery story. Many (mystery) ______ events took place in it.
9、He looks rather (elder) ______ with grey hair.
10、By the end of 2010, she (be) ______ in Beijing for 4 years.
三、阅读题：
Thus far, there is little evidence to suggest that technology will reduce inequality; indeed it may only intensify inequality. Technology is costly and it is generally impossible to introduce advances to everyone at the same time. So who gets this access first? As we travel further and further along the electronic frontier through advances such as telecommuting (在家办公) and the Intemet, the poor may be isolated from mainstream society in an "information ghetto (贫民窟) ".
Drawing on a survey, the Census Bureau (国家调查局) estimated that only 6.8 percent of households earning less than $ 10,000 had home computers, compared to 61.7 percent of those with incomes of $ 75,000 or more. This issue goes beyond individual interest or lack of interest in computers.
The technological advances of the present and future may not be equally beneficial to men and women. Many studies have shown that computer games, which serve as an important means of early socialization to computers, typically involve sports or skills associated with the traditional male role. As a result computers camps have become mainly male settings.
Like money, food, and other resources, technology is unevenly distributed within societies and throughout the world. The technology gap is widening rather than narrowing. Although nations are exchanging technical data more freely than before, critical technology transfer is often kept back. The technology exported to developing countries may be poorly suited to the conditions of their economies and workplaces.
11、According to the writer, "information ghetto" is caused by ______.
A.the strict control of information
B.the rapid technological advances
C.the complete isolation of the poor
D.the existence of mainstream society
12、The data the Census Bureau collected indicates that ______.
A.technology has widened the gap between the rich and the poor
B.individual interest in computers might be a significant reason
C.the survey has covered more than enough investigation samples
D.the estimation by the Census Bureau is subject to correction
13、According to the writer, one supposed function of computer games is ______.
A.to divide social roles between boys and girls
B.to build up settings for sports or other male skills
C.to make the public get familiar with the computer
D.to intensify the inequality between men and women
14、It seems that critical technology is often ______.
A.unavailable to the importing countries
B.unavailable to the exporting countries
C.not suitable to the developing countries
D.keeping back the exporting countries economy
15、The writer s attitude towards the development of technology is ______.
A.negative
B.indifferent
C.exciting and praising
D.concerned and critical
职称英语理工类b级考试真题3
阅读下面的短文，每一篇文章中有 5处填空，文章后面有 6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的位置，以恢复文章的原貌。
Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job
John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.
After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor thathe invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.
For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.
During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___
Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.
Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.
练习：
A However, you should never call it plain vanilla.
B He even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.
C Next he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.
D This is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.
E In his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.
F He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California.
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