2015小升初英语语法专项训练
小升初英语语法专项训练：动词短语
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如:
Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:
1) 动词+副词,如:black out;
2) 动词+介词,如:look into;
3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle)。
非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)动名词
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分词
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not +
小升初英语语法专项训练：动词
知识要点
动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词(指某个具体的静态如：think, love 等或动态如：run, walk 等)、系动词(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助动词(常用的是do, does, did等用来构成否定句及疑问句)、情态动词(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等，情态动词后一定要跟动词原形)。
1) 动词的基本形式
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：
1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works, write-writes.
2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,
finish-finishes, catch-catches.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化的有have-has
B. 现在分词的构成
1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,
move-moving.
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如get-getting, begin-beginning.
4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped.
练习：
I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空
1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.
2.They __________ in the classroom.
3.Where __________ my books﹖
4.These ___________her pears.
5.How much _________the T-shirt?
6.How much __________ the socks?
7.Our mother _________forty last year.
8.You can _________ in our school music club.
9.Let's ___________friends.
10.He and I _________friends.
11.Someone __________ in the room.
12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.
II.划出每句中正确的词
1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?
2.(Where/What)are your baseball?
3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?
4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?
5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?
6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.
7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?
8.Who (am/is) your father?
9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?
10.How much (are/is) her socks?
11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.
12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.
13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.
14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.
15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.
III.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。
如：look - looks - looking- looked
drink_________ _________ _________
go _________ _________ _________
stay _________ _________ _________
make _________ _________ _________
teach_________ _________ _________
ride _________ _________ _________
have_________ _________ _________
pass_________ _________ _________
carry _________ _________ _________
come_________ _________ _________
watch_________ _________ _________
plant_________ _________ _________
fly_________ _________ ____________
study_________ _________ _________
brush_________ _________ _________
read_________ _________ _________
run _________ _________ _________
write_________ _________ _________
swim_________ _________ _________
get_________ _________ __________
say_________ _________ __________
take _________ _________ _________
see_________ _________ __________
begin_________ _________ _________
dance_________ _________ _________
IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.
2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?
3. I like __________( make) kites.
4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.
5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.
6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.
7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.
8. It's time for us ________( read) books.
知识要点
2). 一般现在时
一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4. 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语)，但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at seven.会议7点开始。
5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。
一般现在时的结构:
1. be动词：主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时常用的时间词：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。
练习：
I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20.-What day _______(be) it today?
-It's Saturday
II. 改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________
知识要点
3). 现在进行时
现在进行时的用法：
.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
现在进行时的结构： be+动词ing.
现在进行时常见的标志词：now, Look! Listen!
现在进行时还可以表示将来.如:
He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。
练习：
I.用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.
12. What ____he _____(mend)?
13. We _____(play)games now.
14.What ____you____(do) these days?
15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?
16. Who____(sing)in the next room?
17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
II.单项选择
1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping
2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C. What D.Where
3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4. Danny ______. Don't call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes
5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.
A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming
6. The children _____ football.
A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a
7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing
8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
知识要点
4). 一般将来时
一般将来时的用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
一般将来时的基本结构：①be going to + do;②will+ do.
一般将来时常用的时间词：
tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段时间等。
练习：
I. 填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.
But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?
She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
知识要点
5). 一般过去时
一般过去时的用法：间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态。
1.过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.
He was a worker two years ago.
2.过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.
3.谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
一般现在时常用的时间词：yesterday或由其构成的短语,yesterday morning由"last "构成的短语last year
由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外在宾语从句中主句为过去时,一般从句也用过去时.
练习：
I. 单项选择。
.1 She lived there before he ____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
.2 I _____but _____ nothing.
A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard
C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of
.3 When did you ____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
.4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do
.5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.
2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.
3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.
4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.
5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.
6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.
7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?
8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.
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