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小学英语语法知识点

时间:2021-06-10 13:36:02 考试英语 我要投稿
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小学英语语法知识点汇总

  英语语法的叙述,讲究科学性,追求严谨。以下是小编为大家整理小学英语语法知识点汇总的相关内容,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家!

小学英语语法知识点汇总

  小学英语语法知识点1

  1.人称代词

  主格: I we you she he it they

  宾格: me us you her him it them

  形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their

  名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

  2.形容词和副词的比较级

  (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

  older taller longer stronger, etc

  (2) 多音节词前+more

  more interesting, etc.

  (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er

  bigger fatter, etc.

  (4) 把y变i,再+er

  heavier, earlier

  (5) 不规则变化:

  well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  3.可数词的复数形式

  Most nouns + s a book –books

  Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

  Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

  Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

  Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

  5. 缩略形式

  I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

  it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

  6. a/an

  a book, a peach

  an egg an hour

  7. Preposition:

  on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

  表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

  on Monday on 15th July On National Day

  in the evening in December in winter

  8. 基数词和序数词

  one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

  9. Some /any

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10. be 动词

  (1) Basic form: am/are/is

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  11. there be 结构

  肯定句: There is a …

  There are …

  一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

  Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

  12. 祈使句

  Sit down please

  Don’t sit down, please.

  13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.

  形式: be + verb +ing

  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  动词 —ing 的形式

  Most verbs +ing walk—walking

  Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

  14.一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  形式:

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑问句:

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

  eg:

  1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16. 一般过去时态

  (a) be 动词的过去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

  (b) 动词过去式:

  肯定句: I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)动词过去式的变化:

  规则动词的变化:

  Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

  Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

  Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

  不规则动词的变化:

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

  小学英语语法知识点2

  一、小学英语形容词性物主代词

  1、 形容词性物主代词8个:

  My your his her its our your their

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的

  2、 形容词性物主代词的特点:

  1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的

  2)后面加名词: eg:my backpack his name

  3)前后不用冠词 a an the

  This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) Its his the pen(错误)

  3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our

  注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。

  二、小学英语名词性物主代词

  1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个:

  Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的

  2、名词性物主代词的特点:

  1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

  Eg:1、thepen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)

  三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子

  把单数的句子成复数的句子:

  变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。

  Eg:把下列句子变成复数

  1, I have a car ----we have cars

  2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys

  3, It is a car ----They are cars

  4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers

  5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks

  6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers

  7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts

  8,Hes a boy ----They are boys

  9,Shes a singer ------They are singers

  10,Whats this in English?---- What are these in English?

  四、小学英语名词的数语法

  名词有单数和复数两种形式

  1、名词的单数:表示一个人或一个事物

  2、名词的复数:表示一个人以上的人或事物

  名词复数的变化规律如下:

  1、多数情况下在名词后面加S,s 在清辅音后读【S】

  2、以s,x,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作【iz】

  3、以f,fe为结尾的.词去掉f或fe加ves,ves读作【vz】

  4、以辅音加y结尾的词,变y 为ies

  5、以元音加y结尾的词,直接加s

  6、不规则变化

  a变成e

  Man-men

  woman-women

  policeman-policemen

  Policewoman-policewomen

  单复数同形

  Chinese-chinese

  Japanese-japanese

  sheep -sheep

  deer -deer

  不规则变化

  This 这个these这些(复数)

  that那个 those那些(复数)

  I我 we我们(复数)

  he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数)

  am ,is是 are(复数)

  五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格

  人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格和宾格区别:

  主格和宾格汉语意思相同,但位置不同。

  Eg: I(主格)"我": me (宾格)"我"

  主格在陈述句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格) Excuse me (me 宾格) I ask him to go (him 宾格) They sit in front of me(me 宾格)

  主格(8个):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们

  宾格(8个):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们

  六、小学英语名词所有格语法

  1、 变法:在人名后面加s

  记住:s要译成"的"eg:Lucy(名词所有格)Lucys

  2、 如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加s

  Eg:Lily and Lucy (名词所有格)Lily and LucyS

  Lily Lucy and Julia (名词所有格) Lily Lucy and Julias

  3、 以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加,eg:students

  七、小学英语就划线部分提问练习题

  就划线部分提问的变法:

  1、 先根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词。

  2、 再把没划线的部分变成一般疑问句的语序。

  3、 特殊疑问词通常有:what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ what class /whatgrade/what row/what school

  八、小学英语一般疑问句

  1、一般疑问句最基本的变法:be 提前 用问号 读升调

  2、my变成your our变成your I am / We are 变Are you I can 变Can you

  3、注意人名不论放在什么位置都要大写 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

  4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有"吗"?

  1)This is my English teather. Is this your Englishteather?

  2)It is our school. Is it your school?

  3)We are students. Are you students?

  4)I can sing. Can you sing?

  九、小学英语动词的用法

  动词的用法

  1、到目前为止,我们学过的be动词包括三个词 am ,is, are 这三个词的汉语意思相同,都是"是"的意思,但怎么运用好这三个词呢?请记住下列口决:

  2、我是am( eg:I am a pupil.) 你是 are (eg:You are a girl.) Is 用在他、她、它( eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.见到复数就用are.)

  3、记住:am,is 的复数是are.;these 这些 ;those 那些(这两个词都表示复数)

  十、英语简缩形式的变法语法

  简缩形式的变法

  1、简缩形式的变法:把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成 但are除外,are要把a打成 。Eg:he is=hesthey are=theyre

  2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。

  3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时,一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =Whats

  4、记住一个特殊变化;lets =let us 让我们(不要把 变成i)

  5、记住:this is 没有简缩形式thiss(错误)

  小学英语语法知识点3

  1、名词复数规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  2、一般现在时

  1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

  2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

  3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

  动词+s的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  3、现在进行时

  1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

  3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

  4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

  动词加ing的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  4、be going to

  1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

  2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?

  5、一般过去时

  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

  ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

  否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:

  ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,

  再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat