Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)?
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are
based on the following passage:?
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “ dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.?
“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
? 21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.
? A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
? B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly
? C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend
? D) is sorry that his friends let him down
? 22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.
? A) is just being friendly
? B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”
? C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people
? D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words
? 23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.
? A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye
? B) to listen to how he pronounces his words
? C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture
? D) not to believe what he says
? 24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.
? A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaning
? B) get along well with people
? C) trust what other people say
? D) have no doubts about our friends
? 25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.
? A) avoid mistakes about both money and people
? B) say things elegantly
? C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you
? D) keep people friendly without trusting them
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), y our eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
? 26.The stages of sleep take on ____.
? A) an irregular aspect.
? B) a regular aspect
? C) a punctual aspect
? D) a similar aspect
? 27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.
? A) about 80 minutes
? B) about 40?60 minutes
? C) about 30 munutes
? D) about 20?40 minutes
? 28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.
? A) stage 1 ?C) stage 4
? B) stage 2 and stage 3 ?
D) REM sleep
? 29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.
? A) glare ?C) stop moving
? B) move rapidly or suddenly ?D) gaze
? 30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.
? A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes
? B) you have the deepest sleep
? C) there are no brain waves
? D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?
Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.?
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass?produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th?century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.
? 31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.
? A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known
? B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found
? C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results
? D) both A and C
? 32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.
? A) to trap the opponent's lenses
? B) to focus light with lenses
? C) to hand?make lenses at low cost
? D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces
? 33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.
? A) the principles of designing lenses
? B) techniques of making contact lenses
? C) the design of photographic lenses
? D) styles of lenses
? 34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?
? A) More delicate. C) Numerous.
? B) Cheaper. D) Unpopular.
? 35.Lens designers today ____.
? A) have a large source of help to fall back on
? B) receive a low salary
? C) are less respectable than those of the past
? D) are not decisive in the lens design
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Part Ⅰstarts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.?
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.?
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
? 36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
? A) a technical writing handbook
? B) a handbook on composition
? C) a book on a literary writing
? D) a scientific paper
? 37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
? A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
? B) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
? C) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
? D) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
? 38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
? A) the chapter on Organization
? B) the chapter on Style
? C) the chapter on Special Problems
? D) the chapter on Proposals
? 39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
? A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition
? B) Part Ⅱ of the second edition
? C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition
? D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition
? 40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
? A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
? B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
? C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
? D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
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